linux/drivers/s390/block/xpram.c
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   1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
   2/*
   3 * Xpram.c -- the S/390 expanded memory RAM-disk
   4 *           
   5 * significant parts of this code are based on
   6 * the sbull device driver presented in
   7 * A. Rubini: Linux Device Drivers
   8 *
   9 * Author of XPRAM specific coding: Reinhard Buendgen
  10 *                                  buendgen@de.ibm.com
  11 * Rewrite for 2.5: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
  12 *
  13 * External interfaces:
  14 *   Interfaces to linux kernel
  15 *        xpram_setup: read kernel parameters
  16 *   Device specific file operations
  17 *        xpram_iotcl
  18 *        xpram_open
  19 *
  20 * "ad-hoc" partitioning:
  21 *    the expanded memory can be partitioned among several devices 
  22 *    (with different minors). The partitioning set up can be
  23 *    set by kernel or module parameters (int devs & int sizes[])
  24 *
  25 * Potential future improvements:
  26 *   generic hard disk support to replace ad-hoc partitioning
  27 */
  28
  29#define KMSG_COMPONENT "xpram"
  30#define pr_fmt(fmt) KMSG_COMPONENT ": " fmt
  31
  32#include <linux/module.h>
  33#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
  34#include <linux/ctype.h>  /* isdigit, isxdigit */
  35#include <linux/errno.h>
  36#include <linux/init.h>
  37#include <linux/blkdev.h>
  38#include <linux/blkpg.h>
  39#include <linux/hdreg.h>  /* HDIO_GETGEO */
  40#include <linux/device.h>
  41#include <linux/bio.h>
  42#include <linux/gfp.h>
  43#include <linux/uaccess.h>
  44
  45#define XPRAM_NAME      "xpram"
  46#define XPRAM_DEVS      1       /* one partition */
  47#define XPRAM_MAX_DEVS  32      /* maximal number of devices (partitions) */
  48
  49typedef struct {
  50        unsigned int    size;           /* size of xpram segment in pages */
  51        unsigned int    offset;         /* start page of xpram segment */
  52} xpram_device_t;
  53
  54static xpram_device_t xpram_devices[XPRAM_MAX_DEVS];
  55static unsigned int xpram_sizes[XPRAM_MAX_DEVS];
  56static struct gendisk *xpram_disks[XPRAM_MAX_DEVS];
  57static unsigned int xpram_pages;
  58static int xpram_devs;
  59
  60/*
  61 * Parameter parsing functions.
  62 */
  63static int devs = XPRAM_DEVS;
  64static char *sizes[XPRAM_MAX_DEVS];
  65
  66module_param(devs, int, 0);
  67module_param_array(sizes, charp, NULL, 0);
  68
  69MODULE_PARM_DESC(devs, "number of devices (\"partitions\"), " \
  70                 "the default is " __MODULE_STRING(XPRAM_DEVS) "\n");
  71MODULE_PARM_DESC(sizes, "list of device (partition) sizes " \
  72                 "the defaults are 0s \n" \
  73                 "All devices with size 0 equally partition the "
  74                 "remaining space on the expanded strorage not "
  75                 "claimed by explicit sizes\n");
  76MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
  77
  78/*
  79 * Copy expanded memory page (4kB) into main memory                  
  80 * Arguments                                                         
  81 *           page_addr:    address of target page                    
  82 *           xpage_index:  index of expandeded memory page           
  83 * Return value                                                      
  84 *           0:            if operation succeeds
  85 *           -EIO:         if pgin failed
  86 *           -ENXIO:       if xpram has vanished
  87 */
  88static int xpram_page_in (unsigned long page_addr, unsigned int xpage_index)
  89{
  90        int cc = 2;     /* return unused cc 2 if pgin traps */
  91
  92        asm volatile(
  93                "       .insn   rre,0xb22e0000,%1,%2\n"  /* pgin %1,%2 */
  94                "0:     ipm     %0\n"
  95                "       srl     %0,28\n"
  96                "1:\n"
  97                EX_TABLE(0b,1b)
  98                : "+d" (cc) : "a" (__pa(page_addr)), "d" (xpage_index) : "cc");
  99        if (cc == 3)
 100                return -ENXIO;
 101        if (cc == 2)
 102                return -ENXIO;
 103        if (cc == 1)
 104                return -EIO;
 105        return 0;
 106}
 107
 108/*
 109 * Copy a 4kB page of main memory to an expanded memory page          
 110 * Arguments                                                          
 111 *           page_addr:    address of source page                     
 112 *           xpage_index:  index of expandeded memory page            
 113 * Return value                                                       
 114 *           0:            if operation succeeds
 115 *           -EIO:         if pgout failed
 116 *           -ENXIO:       if xpram has vanished
 117 */
 118static long xpram_page_out (unsigned long page_addr, unsigned int xpage_index)
 119{
 120        int cc = 2;     /* return unused cc 2 if pgin traps */
 121
 122        asm volatile(
 123                "       .insn   rre,0xb22f0000,%1,%2\n"  /* pgout %1,%2 */
 124                "0:     ipm     %0\n"
 125                "       srl     %0,28\n"
 126                "1:\n"
 127                EX_TABLE(0b,1b)
 128                : "+d" (cc) : "a" (__pa(page_addr)), "d" (xpage_index) : "cc");
 129        if (cc == 3)
 130                return -ENXIO;
 131        if (cc == 2)
 132                return -ENXIO;
 133        if (cc == 1)
 134                return -EIO;
 135        return 0;
 136}
 137
 138/*
 139 * Check if xpram is available.
 140 */
 141static int __init xpram_present(void)
 142{
 143        unsigned long mem_page;
 144        int rc;
 145
 146        mem_page = (unsigned long) __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
 147        if (!mem_page)
 148                return -ENOMEM;
 149        rc = xpram_page_in(mem_page, 0);
 150        free_page(mem_page);
 151        return rc ? -ENXIO : 0;
 152}
 153
 154/*
 155 * Return index of the last available xpram page.
 156 */
 157static unsigned long __init xpram_highest_page_index(void)
 158{
 159        unsigned int page_index, add_bit;
 160        unsigned long mem_page;
 161
 162        mem_page = (unsigned long) __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
 163        if (!mem_page)
 164                return 0;
 165
 166        page_index = 0;
 167        add_bit = 1ULL << (sizeof(unsigned int)*8 - 1);
 168        while (add_bit > 0) {
 169                if (xpram_page_in(mem_page, page_index | add_bit) == 0)
 170                        page_index |= add_bit;
 171                add_bit >>= 1;
 172        }
 173
 174        free_page (mem_page);
 175
 176        return page_index;
 177}
 178
 179/*
 180 * Block device make request function.
 181 */
 182static blk_qc_t xpram_submit_bio(struct bio *bio)
 183{
 184        xpram_device_t *xdev = bio->bi_bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
 185        struct bio_vec bvec;
 186        struct bvec_iter iter;
 187        unsigned int index;
 188        unsigned long page_addr;
 189        unsigned long bytes;
 190
 191        blk_queue_split(&bio);
 192
 193        if ((bio->bi_iter.bi_sector & 7) != 0 ||
 194            (bio->bi_iter.bi_size & 4095) != 0)
 195                /* Request is not page-aligned. */
 196                goto fail;
 197        if ((bio->bi_iter.bi_size >> 12) > xdev->size)
 198                /* Request size is no page-aligned. */
 199                goto fail;
 200        if ((bio->bi_iter.bi_sector >> 3) > 0xffffffffU - xdev->offset)
 201                goto fail;
 202        index = (bio->bi_iter.bi_sector >> 3) + xdev->offset;
 203        bio_for_each_segment(bvec, bio, iter) {
 204                page_addr = (unsigned long)
 205                        kmap(bvec.bv_page) + bvec.bv_offset;
 206                bytes = bvec.bv_len;
 207                if ((page_addr & 4095) != 0 || (bytes & 4095) != 0)
 208                        /* More paranoia. */
 209                        goto fail;
 210                while (bytes > 0) {
 211                        if (bio_data_dir(bio) == READ) {
 212                                if (xpram_page_in(page_addr, index) != 0)
 213                                        goto fail;
 214                        } else {
 215                                if (xpram_page_out(page_addr, index) != 0)
 216                                        goto fail;
 217                        }
 218                        page_addr += 4096;
 219                        bytes -= 4096;
 220                        index++;
 221                }
 222        }
 223        bio_endio(bio);
 224        return BLK_QC_T_NONE;
 225fail:
 226        bio_io_error(bio);
 227        return BLK_QC_T_NONE;
 228}
 229
 230static int xpram_getgeo(struct block_device *bdev, struct hd_geometry *geo)
 231{
 232        unsigned long size;
 233
 234        /*
 235         * get geometry: we have to fake one...  trim the size to a
 236         * multiple of 64 (32k): tell we have 16 sectors, 4 heads,
 237         * whatever cylinders. Tell also that data starts at sector. 4.
 238         */
 239        size = (xpram_pages * 8) & ~0x3f;
 240        geo->cylinders = size >> 6;
 241        geo->heads = 4;
 242        geo->sectors = 16;
 243        geo->start = 4;
 244        return 0;
 245}
 246
 247static const struct block_device_operations xpram_devops =
 248{
 249        .owner  = THIS_MODULE,
 250        .submit_bio = xpram_submit_bio,
 251        .getgeo = xpram_getgeo,
 252};
 253
 254/*
 255 * Setup xpram_sizes array.
 256 */
 257static int __init xpram_setup_sizes(unsigned long pages)
 258{
 259        unsigned long mem_needed;
 260        unsigned long mem_auto;
 261        unsigned long long size;
 262        char *sizes_end;
 263        int mem_auto_no;
 264        int i;
 265
 266        /* Check number of devices. */
 267        if (devs <= 0 || devs > XPRAM_MAX_DEVS) {
 268                pr_err("%d is not a valid number of XPRAM devices\n",devs);
 269                return -EINVAL;
 270        }
 271        xpram_devs = devs;
 272
 273        /*
 274         * Copy sizes array to xpram_sizes and align partition
 275         * sizes to page boundary.
 276         */
 277        mem_needed = 0;
 278        mem_auto_no = 0;
 279        for (i = 0; i < xpram_devs; i++) {
 280                if (sizes[i]) {
 281                        size = simple_strtoull(sizes[i], &sizes_end, 0);
 282                        switch (*sizes_end) {
 283                        case 'g':
 284                        case 'G':
 285                                size <<= 20;
 286                                break;
 287                        case 'm':
 288                        case 'M':
 289                                size <<= 10;
 290                        }
 291                        xpram_sizes[i] = (size + 3) & -4UL;
 292                }
 293                if (xpram_sizes[i])
 294                        mem_needed += xpram_sizes[i];
 295                else
 296                        mem_auto_no++;
 297        }
 298        
 299        pr_info("  number of devices (partitions): %d \n", xpram_devs);
 300        for (i = 0; i < xpram_devs; i++) {
 301                if (xpram_sizes[i])
 302                        pr_info("  size of partition %d: %u kB\n",
 303                                i, xpram_sizes[i]);
 304                else
 305                        pr_info("  size of partition %d to be set "
 306                                "automatically\n",i);
 307        }
 308        pr_info("  memory needed (for sized partitions): %lu kB\n",
 309                mem_needed);
 310        pr_info("  partitions to be sized automatically: %d\n",
 311                mem_auto_no);
 312
 313        if (mem_needed > pages * 4) {
 314                pr_err("Not enough expanded memory available\n");
 315                return -EINVAL;
 316        }
 317
 318        /*
 319         * partitioning:
 320         * xpram_sizes[i] != 0; partition i has size xpram_sizes[i] kB
 321         * else:             ; all partitions with zero xpram_sizes[i]
 322         *                     partition equally the remaining space
 323         */
 324        if (mem_auto_no) {
 325                mem_auto = ((pages - mem_needed / 4) / mem_auto_no) * 4;
 326                pr_info("  automatically determined "
 327                        "partition size: %lu kB\n", mem_auto);
 328                for (i = 0; i < xpram_devs; i++)
 329                        if (xpram_sizes[i] == 0)
 330                                xpram_sizes[i] = mem_auto;
 331        }
 332        return 0;
 333}
 334
 335static int __init xpram_setup_blkdev(void)
 336{
 337        unsigned long offset;
 338        int i, rc = -ENOMEM;
 339
 340        for (i = 0; i < xpram_devs; i++) {
 341                xpram_disks[i] = blk_alloc_disk(NUMA_NO_NODE);
 342                if (!xpram_disks[i])
 343                        goto out;
 344                blk_queue_flag_set(QUEUE_FLAG_NONROT, xpram_disks[i]->queue);
 345                blk_queue_flag_clear(QUEUE_FLAG_ADD_RANDOM,
 346                                xpram_disks[i]->queue);
 347                blk_queue_logical_block_size(xpram_disks[i]->queue, 4096);
 348        }
 349
 350        /*
 351         * Register xpram major.
 352         */
 353        rc = register_blkdev(XPRAM_MAJOR, XPRAM_NAME);
 354        if (rc < 0)
 355                goto out;
 356
 357        /*
 358         * Setup device structures.
 359         */
 360        offset = 0;
 361        for (i = 0; i < xpram_devs; i++) {
 362                struct gendisk *disk = xpram_disks[i];
 363
 364                xpram_devices[i].size = xpram_sizes[i] / 4;
 365                xpram_devices[i].offset = offset;
 366                offset += xpram_devices[i].size;
 367                disk->major = XPRAM_MAJOR;
 368                disk->first_minor = i;
 369                disk->minors = 1;
 370                disk->fops = &xpram_devops;
 371                disk->private_data = &xpram_devices[i];
 372                sprintf(disk->disk_name, "slram%d", i);
 373                set_capacity(disk, xpram_sizes[i] << 1);
 374                add_disk(disk);
 375        }
 376
 377        return 0;
 378out:
 379        while (i--)
 380                blk_cleanup_disk(xpram_disks[i]);
 381        return rc;
 382}
 383
 384/*
 385 * Finally, the init/exit functions.
 386 */
 387static void __exit xpram_exit(void)
 388{
 389        int i;
 390        for (i = 0; i < xpram_devs; i++) {
 391                del_gendisk(xpram_disks[i]);
 392                blk_cleanup_disk(xpram_disks[i]);
 393        }
 394        unregister_blkdev(XPRAM_MAJOR, XPRAM_NAME);
 395}
 396
 397static int __init xpram_init(void)
 398{
 399        int rc;
 400
 401        /* Find out size of expanded memory. */
 402        if (xpram_present() != 0) {
 403                pr_err("No expanded memory available\n");
 404                return -ENODEV;
 405        }
 406        xpram_pages = xpram_highest_page_index() + 1;
 407        pr_info("  %u pages expanded memory found (%lu KB).\n",
 408                xpram_pages, (unsigned long) xpram_pages*4);
 409        rc = xpram_setup_sizes(xpram_pages);
 410        if (rc)
 411                return rc;
 412        return xpram_setup_blkdev();
 413}
 414
 415module_init(xpram_init);
 416module_exit(xpram_exit);
 417