// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 *  linux/mm/page_alloc.c
 *
 *  Manages the free list, the system allocates free pages here.
 *  Note that kmalloc() lives in slab.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
 *  Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
 *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
 *  Reshaped it to be a zoned allocator, Ingo Molnar, Red Hat, 1999
 *  Discontiguous memory support, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Nov 1999
 *  Zone balancing, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Jan 2000
 *  Per cpu hot/cold page lists, bulk allocation, Martin J. Bligh, Sept 2002
 *          (lots of bits borrowed from Ingo Molnar & Andrew Morton)
 */

#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kasan.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
#include <linux/oom.h>
#include <linux/topology.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/vmstat.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/memremap.h>
#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/fault-inject.h>
#include <linux/page-isolation.h>
#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/compaction.h>
#include <trace/events/kmem.h>
#include <trace/events/oom.h>
#include <linux/prefetch.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/sched/rt.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/page_owner.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <linux/lockdep.h>
#include <linux/nmi.h>
#include <linux/psi.h>
#include <linux/padata.h>
#include <linux/khugepaged.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/div64.h>
#include "internal.h"
#include "shuffle.h"
#include "page_reporting.h"

/* Free Page Internal flags: for internal, non-pcp variants of free_pages(). */
typedef int __bitwise fpi_t;

/* No special request */
#define FPI_NONE                ((__force fpi_t)0)

/*
 * Skip free page reporting notification for the (possibly merged) page.
 * This does not hinder free page reporting from grabbing the page,
 * reporting it and marking it "reported" -  it only skips notifying
 * the free page reporting infrastructure about a newly freed page. For
 * example, used when temporarily pulling a page from a freelist and
 * putting it back unmodified.
 */
#define FPI_SKIP_REPORT_NOTIFY  ((__force fpi_t)BIT(0))

/*
 * Place the (possibly merged) page to the tail of the freelist. Will ignore
 * page shuffling (relevant code - e.g., memory onlining - is expected to
 * shuffle the whole zone).
 *
 * Note: No code should rely on this flag for correctness - it's purely
 *       to allow for optimizations when handing back either fresh pages
 *       (memory onlining) or untouched pages (page isolation, free page
 *       reporting).
 */
#define FPI_TO_TAIL             ((__force fpi_t)BIT(1))

/*
 * Don't poison memory with KASAN (only for the tag-based modes).
 * During boot, all non-reserved memblock memory is exposed to page_alloc.
 * Poisoning all that memory lengthens boot time, especially on systems with
 * large amount of RAM. This flag is used to skip that poisoning.
 * This is only done for the tag-based KASAN modes, as those are able to
 * detect memory corruptions with the memory tags assigned by default.
 * All memory allocated normally after boot gets poisoned as usual.
 */
#define FPI_SKIP_KASAN_POISON   ((__force fpi_t)BIT(2))

/* prevent >1 _updater_ of zone percpu pageset ->high and ->batch fields */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(pcp_batch_high_lock);
#define MIN_PERCPU_PAGELIST_FRACTION    (8)

#ifdef CONFIG_USE_PERCPU_NUMA_NODE_ID
DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, numa_node);
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(numa_node);
#endif

DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_TRUE(vm_numa_stat_key);

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES
/*
 * N.B., Do NOT reference the '_numa_mem_' per cpu variable directly.
 * It will not be defined when CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES is not defined.
 * Use the accessor functions set_numa_mem(), numa_mem_id() and cpu_to_mem()
 * defined in <linux/topology.h>.
 */
DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, _numa_mem_);                /* Kernel "local memory" node */
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(_numa_mem_);
#endif

/* work_structs for global per-cpu drains */
struct pcpu_drain {
        struct zone *zone;
        struct work_struct work;
};
static DEFINE_MUTEX(pcpu_drain_mutex);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct pcpu_drain, pcpu_drain);

#ifdef CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_LATENT_ENTROPY
volatile unsigned long latent_entropy __latent_entropy;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(latent_entropy);
#endif

/*
 * Array of node states.
 */
nodemask_t node_states[NR_NODE_STATES] __read_mostly = {
        [N_POSSIBLE] = NODE_MASK_ALL,
        [N_ONLINE] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#ifndef CONFIG_NUMA
        [N_NORMAL_MEMORY] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
        [N_HIGH_MEMORY] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#endif
        [N_MEMORY] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
        [N_CPU] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#endif  /* NUMA */
};
EXPORT_SYMBOL(node_states);

atomic_long_t _totalram_pages __read_mostly;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(_totalram_pages);
unsigned long totalreserve_pages __read_mostly;
unsigned long totalcma_pages __read_mostly;

int percpu_pagelist_fraction;
gfp_t gfp_allowed_mask __read_mostly = GFP_BOOT_MASK;
DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_MAYBE(CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON, init_on_alloc);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(init_on_alloc);

DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_MAYBE(CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON, init_on_free);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(init_on_free);

static bool _init_on_alloc_enabled_early __read_mostly
                                = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON);
static int __init early_init_on_alloc(char *buf)
{

        return kstrtobool(buf, &_init_on_alloc_enabled_early);
}
early_param("init_on_alloc", early_init_on_alloc);

static bool _init_on_free_enabled_early __read_mostly
                                = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON);
static int __init early_init_on_free(char *buf)
{
        return kstrtobool(buf, &_init_on_free_enabled_early);
}
early_param("init_on_free", early_init_on_free);

/*
 * A cached value of the page's pageblock's migratetype, used when the page is
 * put on a pcplist. Used to avoid the pageblock migratetype lookup when
 * freeing from pcplists in most cases, at the cost of possibly becoming stale.
 * Also the migratetype set in the page does not necessarily match the pcplist
 * index, e.g. page might have MIGRATE_CMA set but be on a pcplist with any
 * other index - this ensures that it will be put on the correct CMA freelist.
 */
static inline int get_pcppage_migratetype(struct page *page)
{
        return page->index;
}

static inline void set_pcppage_migratetype(struct page *page, int migratetype)
{
        page->index = migratetype;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
/*
 * The following functions are used by the suspend/hibernate code to temporarily
 * change gfp_allowed_mask in order to avoid using I/O during memory allocations
 * while devices are suspended.  To avoid races with the suspend/hibernate code,
 * they should always be called with system_transition_mutex held
 * (gfp_allowed_mask also should only be modified with system_transition_mutex
 * held, unless the suspend/hibernate code is guaranteed not to run in parallel
 * with that modification).
 */

static gfp_t saved_gfp_mask;

void pm_restore_gfp_mask(void)
{
        WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&system_transition_mutex));
        if (saved_gfp_mask) {
                gfp_allowed_mask = saved_gfp_mask;
                saved_gfp_mask = 0;
        }
}

void pm_restrict_gfp_mask(void)
{
        WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&system_transition_mutex));
        WARN_ON(saved_gfp_mask);
        saved_gfp_mask = gfp_allowed_mask;
        gfp_allowed_mask &= ~(__GFP_IO | __GFP_FS);
}

bool pm_suspended_storage(void)
{
        if ((gfp_allowed_mask & (__GFP_IO | __GFP_FS)) == (__GFP_IO | __GFP_FS))
                return false;
        return true;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */

#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE
unsigned int pageblock_order __read_mostly;
#endif

static void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order,
                            fpi_t fpi_flags);

/*
 * results with 256, 32 in the lowmem_reserve sysctl:
 *      1G machine -> (16M dma, 800M-16M normal, 1G-800M high)
 *      1G machine -> (16M dma, 784M normal, 224M high)
 *      NORMAL allocation will leave 784M/256 of ram reserved in the ZONE_DMA
 *      HIGHMEM allocation will leave 224M/32 of ram reserved in ZONE_NORMAL
 *      HIGHMEM allocation will leave (224M+784M)/256 of ram reserved in ZONE_DMA
 *
 * TBD: should special case ZONE_DMA32 machines here - in those we normally
 * don't need any ZONE_NORMAL reservation
 */
int sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
        [ZONE_DMA] = 256,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
        [ZONE_DMA32] = 256,
#endif
        [ZONE_NORMAL] = 32,
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
        [ZONE_HIGHMEM] = 0,
#endif
        [ZONE_MOVABLE] = 0,
};

static char * const zone_names[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
         "DMA",
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
         "DMA32",
#endif
         "Normal",
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
         "HighMem",
#endif
         "Movable",
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE
         "Device",
#endif
};

const char * const migratetype_names[MIGRATE_TYPES] = {
        "Unmovable",
        "Movable",
        "Reclaimable",
        "HighAtomic",
#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
        "CMA",
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION
        "Isolate",
#endif
};

compound_page_dtor * const compound_page_dtors[NR_COMPOUND_DTORS] = {
        [NULL_COMPOUND_DTOR] = NULL,
        [COMPOUND_PAGE_DTOR] = free_compound_page,
#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
        [HUGETLB_PAGE_DTOR] = free_huge_page,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
        [TRANSHUGE_PAGE_DTOR] = free_transhuge_page,
#endif
};

int min_free_kbytes = 1024;
int user_min_free_kbytes = -1;
#ifdef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
/*
 * DiscontigMem defines memory ranges as separate pg_data_t even if the ranges
 * are not on separate NUMA nodes. Functionally this works but with
 * watermark_boost_factor, it can reclaim prematurely as the ranges can be
 * quite small. By default, do not boost watermarks on discontigmem as in
 * many cases very high-order allocations like THP are likely to be
 * unsupported and the premature reclaim offsets the advantage of long-term
 * fragmentation avoidance.
 */
int watermark_boost_factor __read_mostly;
#else
int watermark_boost_factor __read_mostly = 15000;
#endif
int watermark_scale_factor = 10;

static unsigned long nr_kernel_pages __initdata;
static unsigned long nr_all_pages __initdata;
static unsigned long dma_reserve __initdata;

static unsigned long arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[MAX_NR_ZONES] __initdata;
static unsigned long arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[MAX_NR_ZONES] __initdata;
static unsigned long required_kernelcore __initdata;
static unsigned long required_kernelcore_percent __initdata;
static unsigned long required_movablecore __initdata;
static unsigned long required_movablecore_percent __initdata;
static unsigned long zone_movable_pfn[MAX_NUMNODES] __initdata;
static bool mirrored_kernelcore __meminitdata;

/* movable_zone is the "real" zone pages in ZONE_MOVABLE are taken from */
int movable_zone;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(movable_zone);

#if MAX_NUMNODES > 1
unsigned int nr_node_ids __read_mostly = MAX_NUMNODES;
unsigned int nr_online_nodes __read_mostly = 1;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_node_ids);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_online_nodes);
#endif

int page_group_by_mobility_disabled __read_mostly;

#ifdef CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
/*
 * During boot we initialize deferred pages on-demand, as needed, but once
 * page_alloc_init_late() has finished, the deferred pages are all initialized,
 * and we can permanently disable that path.
 */
static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_TRUE(deferred_pages);

/*
 * Calling kasan_free_pages() only after deferred memory initialization
 * has completed. Poisoning pages during deferred memory init will greatly
 * lengthen the process and cause problem in large memory systems as the
 * deferred pages initialization is done with interrupt disabled.
 *
 * Assuming that there will be no reference to those newly initialized
 * pages before they are ever allocated, this should have no effect on
 * KASAN memory tracking as the poison will be properly inserted at page
 * allocation time. The only corner case is when pages are allocated by
 * on-demand allocation and then freed again before the deferred pages
 * initialization is done, but this is not likely to happen.
 */
static inline void kasan_free_nondeferred_pages(struct page *page, int order,
                                                bool init, fpi_t fpi_flags)
{
        if (static_branch_unlikely(&deferred_pages))
                return;
        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC) &&
                        (fpi_flags & FPI_SKIP_KASAN_POISON))
                return;
        kasan_free_pages(page, order, init);
}

/* Returns true if the struct page for the pfn is uninitialised */
static inline bool __meminit early_page_uninitialised(unsigned long pfn)
{
        int nid = early_pfn_to_nid(pfn);

        if (node_online(nid) && pfn >= NODE_DATA(nid)->first_deferred_pfn)
                return true;

        return false;
}

/*
 * Returns true when the remaining initialisation should be deferred until
 * later in the boot cycle when it can be parallelised.
 */
static bool __meminit
defer_init(int nid, unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
        static unsigned long prev_end_pfn, nr_initialised;

        /*
         * prev_end_pfn static that contains the end of previous zone
         * No need to protect because called very early in boot before smp_init.
         */
        if (prev_end_pfn != end_pfn) {
                prev_end_pfn = end_pfn;
                nr_initialised = 0;
        }

        /* Always populate low zones for address-constrained allocations */
        if (end_pfn < pgdat_end_pfn(NODE_DATA(nid)))
                return false;

        if (NODE_DATA(nid)->first_deferred_pfn != ULONG_MAX)
                return true;
        /*
         * We start only with one section of pages, more pages are added as
         * needed until the rest of deferred pages are initialized.
         */
        nr_initialised++;
        if ((nr_initialised > PAGES_PER_SECTION) &&
            (pfn & (PAGES_PER_SECTION - 1)) == 0) {
                NODE_DATA(nid)->first_deferred_pfn = pfn;
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}
#else
static inline void kasan_free_nondeferred_pages(struct page *page, int order,
                                                bool init, fpi_t fpi_flags)
{
        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC) &&
                        (fpi_flags & FPI_SKIP_KASAN_POISON))
                return;
        kasan_free_pages(page, order, init);
}

static inline bool early_page_uninitialised(unsigned long pfn)
{
        return false;
}

static inline bool defer_init(int nid, unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
        return false;
}
#endif

/* Return a pointer to the bitmap storing bits affecting a block of pages */
static inline unsigned long *get_pageblock_bitmap(struct page *page,
                                                        unsigned long pfn)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
        return section_to_usemap(__pfn_to_section(pfn));
#else
        return page_zone(page)->pageblock_flags;
#endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
}

static inline int pfn_to_bitidx(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
        pfn &= (PAGES_PER_SECTION-1);
#else
        pfn = pfn - round_down(page_zone(page)->zone_start_pfn, pageblock_nr_pages);
#endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
        return (pfn >> pageblock_order) * NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS;
}

static __always_inline
unsigned long __get_pfnblock_flags_mask(struct page *page,
                                        unsigned long pfn,
                                        unsigned long mask)
{
        unsigned long *bitmap;
        unsigned long bitidx, word_bitidx;
        unsigned long word;

        bitmap = get_pageblock_bitmap(page, pfn);
        bitidx = pfn_to_bitidx(page, pfn);
        word_bitidx = bitidx / BITS_PER_LONG;
        bitidx &= (BITS_PER_LONG-1);

        word = bitmap[word_bitidx];
        return (word >> bitidx) & mask;
}

/**
 * get_pfnblock_flags_mask - Return the requested group of flags for the pageblock_nr_pages block of pages
 * @page: The page within the block of interest
 * @pfn: The target page frame number
 * @mask: mask of bits that the caller is interested in
 *
 * Return: pageblock_bits flags
 */
unsigned long get_pfnblock_flags_mask(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn,
                                        unsigned long mask)
{
        return __get_pfnblock_flags_mask(page, pfn, mask);
}

static __always_inline int get_pfnblock_migratetype(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn)
{
        return __get_pfnblock_flags_mask(page, pfn, MIGRATETYPE_MASK);
}

/**
 * set_pfnblock_flags_mask - Set the requested group of flags for a pageblock_nr_pages block of pages
 * @page: The page within the block of interest
 * @flags: The flags to set
 * @pfn: The target page frame number
 * @mask: mask of bits that the caller is interested in
 */
void set_pfnblock_flags_mask(struct page *page, unsigned long flags,
                                        unsigned long pfn,
                                        unsigned long mask)
{
        unsigned long *bitmap;
        unsigned long bitidx, word_bitidx;
        unsigned long old_word, word;

        BUILD_BUG_ON(NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS != 4);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(MIGRATE_TYPES > (1 << PB_migratetype_bits));

        bitmap = get_pageblock_bitmap(page, pfn);
        bitidx = pfn_to_bitidx(page, pfn);
        word_bitidx = bitidx / BITS_PER_LONG;
        bitidx &= (BITS_PER_LONG-1);

        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!zone_spans_pfn(page_zone(page), pfn), page);

        mask <<= bitidx;
        flags <<= bitidx;

        word = READ_ONCE(bitmap[word_bitidx]);
        for (;;) {
                old_word = cmpxchg(&bitmap[word_bitidx], word, (word & ~mask) | flags);
                if (word == old_word)
                        break;
                word = old_word;
        }
}

void set_pageblock_migratetype(struct page *page, int migratetype)
{
        if (unlikely(page_group_by_mobility_disabled &&
                     migratetype < MIGRATE_PCPTYPES))
                migratetype = MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE;

        set_pfnblock_flags_mask(page, (unsigned long)migratetype,
                                page_to_pfn(page), MIGRATETYPE_MASK);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
static int page_outside_zone_boundaries(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
        int ret = 0;
        unsigned seq;
        unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
        unsigned long sp, start_pfn;

        do {
                seq = zone_span_seqbegin(zone);
                start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
                sp = zone->spanned_pages;
                if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone, pfn))
                        ret = 1;
        } while (zone_span_seqretry(zone, seq));

        if (ret)
                pr_err("page 0x%lx outside node %d zone %s [ 0x%lx - 0x%lx ]\n",
                        pfn, zone_to_nid(zone), zone->name,
                        start_pfn, start_pfn + sp);

        return ret;
}

static int page_is_consistent(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
        if (!pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(page)))
                return 0;
        if (zone != page_zone(page))
                return 0;

        return 1;
}
/*
 * Temporary debugging check for pages not lying within a given zone.
 */
static int __maybe_unused bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
        if (page_outside_zone_boundaries(zone, page))
                return 1;
        if (!page_is_consistent(zone, page))
                return 1;

        return 0;
}
#else
static inline int __maybe_unused bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
        return 0;
}
#endif

static void bad_page(struct page *page, const char *reason)
{
        static unsigned long resume;
        static unsigned long nr_shown;
        static unsigned long nr_unshown;

        /*
         * Allow a burst of 60 reports, then keep quiet for that minute;
         * or allow a steady drip of one report per second.
         */
        if (nr_shown == 60) {
                if (time_before(jiffies, resume)) {
                        nr_unshown++;
                        goto out;
                }
                if (nr_unshown) {
                        pr_alert(
                              "BUG: Bad page state: %lu messages suppressed\n",
                                nr_unshown);
                        nr_unshown = 0;
                }
                nr_shown = 0;
        }
        if (nr_shown++ == 0)
                resume = jiffies + 60 * HZ;

        pr_alert("BUG: Bad page state in process %s  pfn:%05lx\n",
                current->comm, page_to_pfn(page));
        __dump_page(page, reason);
        dump_page_owner(page);

        print_modules();
        dump_stack();
out:
        /* Leave bad fields for debug, except PageBuddy could make trouble */
        page_mapcount_reset(page); /* remove PageBuddy */
        add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE);
}

/*
 * Higher-order pages are called "compound pages".  They are structured thusly:
 *
 * The first PAGE_SIZE page is called the "head page" and have PG_head set.
 *
 * The remaining PAGE_SIZE pages are called "tail pages". PageTail() is encoded
 * in bit 0 of page->compound_head. The rest of bits is pointer to head page.
 *
 * The first tail page's ->compound_dtor holds the offset in array of compound
 * page destructors. See compound_page_dtors.
 *
 * The first tail page's ->compound_order holds the order of allocation.
 * This usage means that zero-order pages may not be compound.
 */

void free_compound_page(struct page *page)
{
        mem_cgroup_uncharge(page);
        __free_pages_ok(page, compound_order(page), FPI_NONE);
}

void prep_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
        int i;
        int nr_pages = 1 << order;

        __SetPageHead(page);
        for (i = 1; i < nr_pages; i++) {
                struct page *p = page + i;
                set_page_count(p, 0);
                p->mapping = TAIL_MAPPING;
                set_compound_head(p, page);
        }

        set_compound_page_dtor(page, COMPOUND_PAGE_DTOR);
        set_compound_order(page, order);
        atomic_set(compound_mapcount_ptr(page), -1);
        if (hpage_pincount_available(page))
                atomic_set(compound_pincount_ptr(page), 0);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
unsigned int _debug_guardpage_minorder;

bool _debug_pagealloc_enabled_early __read_mostly
                        = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC_ENABLE_DEFAULT);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(_debug_pagealloc_enabled_early);
DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(_debug_pagealloc_enabled);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(_debug_pagealloc_enabled);

DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(_debug_guardpage_enabled);

static int __init early_debug_pagealloc(char *buf)
{
        return kstrtobool(buf, &_debug_pagealloc_enabled_early);
}
early_param("debug_pagealloc", early_debug_pagealloc);

static int __init debug_guardpage_minorder_setup(char *buf)
{
        unsigned long res;

        if (kstrtoul(buf, 10, &res) < 0 ||  res > MAX_ORDER / 2) {
                pr_err("Bad debug_guardpage_minorder value\n");
                return 0;
        }
        _debug_guardpage_minorder = res;
        pr_info("Setting debug_guardpage_minorder to %lu\n", res);
        return 0;
}
early_param("debug_guardpage_minorder", debug_guardpage_minorder_setup);

static inline bool set_page_guard(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
                                unsigned int order, int migratetype)
{
        if (!debug_guardpage_enabled())
                return false;

        if (order >= debug_guardpage_minorder())
                return false;

        __SetPageGuard(page);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
        set_page_private(page, order);
        /* Guard pages are not available for any usage */
        __mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, -(1 << order), migratetype);

        return true;
}

static inline void clear_page_guard(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
                                unsigned int order, int migratetype)
{
        if (!debug_guardpage_enabled())
                return;

        __ClearPageGuard(page);

        set_page_private(page, 0);
        if (!is_migrate_isolate(migratetype))
                __mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, (1 << order), migratetype);
}
#else
static inline bool set_page_guard(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
                        unsigned int order, int migratetype) { return false; }
static inline void clear_page_guard(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
                                unsigned int order, int migratetype) {}
#endif

/*
 * Enable static keys related to various memory debugging and hardening options.
 * Some override others, and depend on early params that are evaluated in the
 * order of appearance. So we need to first gather the full picture of what was
 * enabled, and then make decisions.
 */
void init_mem_debugging_and_hardening(void)
{
        bool page_poisoning_requested = false;

#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING
        /*
         * Page poisoning is debug page alloc for some arches. If
         * either of those options are enabled, enable poisoning.
         */
        if (page_poisoning_enabled() ||
             (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC) &&
              debug_pagealloc_enabled())) {
                static_branch_enable(&_page_poisoning_enabled);
                page_poisoning_requested = true;
        }
#endif

        if ((_init_on_alloc_enabled_early || _init_on_free_enabled_early) &&
            page_poisoning_requested) {
                pr_info("mem auto-init: CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING is on, "
                        "will take precedence over init_on_alloc and init_on_free\n");
                _init_on_alloc_enabled_early = false;
                _init_on_free_enabled_early = false;
        }

        if (_init_on_alloc_enabled_early)
                static_branch_enable(&init_on_alloc);
        else
                static_branch_disable(&init_on_alloc);

        if (_init_on_free_enabled_early)
                static_branch_enable(&init_on_free);
        else
                static_branch_disable(&init_on_free);

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
        if (!debug_pagealloc_enabled())
                return;

        static_branch_enable(&_debug_pagealloc_enabled);

        if (!debug_guardpage_minorder())
                return;

        static_branch_enable(&_debug_guardpage_enabled);
#endif
}

static inline void set_buddy_order(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
        set_page_private(page, order);
        __SetPageBuddy(page);
}

/*
 * This function checks whether a page is free && is the buddy
 * we can coalesce a page and its buddy if
 * (a) the buddy is not in a hole (check before calling!) &&
 * (b) the buddy is in the buddy system &&
 * (c) a page and its buddy have the same order &&
 * (d) a page and its buddy are in the same zone.
 *
 * For recording whether a page is in the buddy system, we set PageBuddy.
 * Setting, clearing, and testing PageBuddy is serialized by zone->lock.
 *
 * For recording page's order, we use page_private(page).
 */
static inline bool page_is_buddy(struct page *page, struct page *buddy,
                                                        unsigned int order)
{
        if (!page_is_guard(buddy) && !PageBuddy(buddy))
                return false;

        if (buddy_order(buddy) != order)
                return false;

        /*
         * zone check is done late to avoid uselessly calculating
         * zone/node ids for pages that could never merge.
         */
        if (page_zone_id(page) != page_zone_id(buddy))
                return false;

        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_count(buddy) != 0, buddy);

        return true;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
static inline struct capture_control *task_capc(struct zone *zone)
{
        struct capture_control *capc = current->capture_control;

        return unlikely(capc) &&
                !(current->flags & PF_KTHREAD) &&
                !capc->page &&
                capc->cc->zone == zone ? capc : NULL;
}

static inline bool
compaction_capture(struct capture_control *capc, struct page *page,
                   int order, int migratetype)
{
        if (!capc || order != capc->cc->order)
                return false;

        /* Do not accidentally pollute CMA or isolated regions*/
        if (is_migrate_cma(migratetype) ||
            is_migrate_isolate(migratetype))
                return false;

        /*
         * Do not let lower order allocations pollute a movable pageblock.
         * This might let an unmovable request use a reclaimable pageblock
         * and vice-versa but no more than normal fallback logic which can
         * have trouble finding a high-order free page.
         */
        if (order < pageblock_order && migratetype == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
                return false;

        capc->page = page;
        return true;
}

#else
static inline struct capture_control *task_capc(struct zone *zone)
{
        return NULL;
}

static inline bool
compaction_capture(struct capture_control *capc, struct page *page,
                   int order, int migratetype)
{
        return false;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */

/* Used for pages not on another list */
static inline void add_to_free_list(struct page *page, struct zone *zone,
                                    unsigned int order, int migratetype)
{
        struct free_area *area = &zone->free_area[order];

        list_add(&page->lru, &area->free_list[migratetype]);
        area->nr_free++;
}

/* Used for pages not on another list */
static inline void add_to_free_list_tail(struct page *page, struct zone *zone,
                                         unsigned int order, int migratetype)
{
        struct free_area *area = &zone->free_area[order];

        list_add_tail(&page->lru, &area->free_list[migratetype]);
        area->nr_free++;
}

/*
 * Used for pages which are on another list. Move the pages to the tail
 * of the list - so the moved pages won't immediately be considered for
 * allocation again (e.g., optimization for memory onlining).
 */
static inline void move_to_free_list(struct page *page, struct zone *zone,
                                     unsigned int order, int migratetype)
{
        struct free_area *area = &zone->free_area[order];

        list_move_tail(&page->lru, &area->free_list[migratetype]);
}

static inline void del_page_from_free_list(struct page *page, struct zone *zone,
                                           unsigned int order)
{
        /* clear reported state and update reported page count */
        if (page_reported(page))
                __ClearPageReported(page);

        list_del(&page->lru);
        __ClearPageBuddy(page);
        set_page_private(page, 0);
        zone->free_area[order].nr_free--;
}

/*
 * If this is not the largest possible page, check if the buddy
 * of the next-highest order is free. If it is, it's possible
 * that pages are being freed that will coalesce soon. In case,
 * that is happening, add the free page to the tail of the list
 * so it's less likely to be used soon and more likely to be merged
 * as a higher order page
 */
static inline bool
buddy_merge_likely(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long buddy_pfn,
                   struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
        struct page *higher_page, *higher_buddy;
        unsigned long combined_pfn;

        if (order >= MAX_ORDER - 2)
                return false;

        if (!pfn_valid_within(buddy_pfn))
                return false;

        combined_pfn = buddy_pfn & pfn;
        higher_page = page + (combined_pfn - pfn);
        buddy_pfn = __find_buddy_pfn(combined_pfn, order + 1);
        higher_buddy = higher_page + (buddy_pfn - combined_pfn);

        return pfn_valid_within(buddy_pfn) &&
               page_is_buddy(higher_page, higher_buddy, order + 1);
}

/*
 * Freeing function for a buddy system allocator.
 *
 * The concept of a buddy system is to maintain direct-mapped table
 * (containing bit values) for memory blocks of various "orders".
 * The bottom level table contains the map for the smallest allocatable
 * units of memory (here, pages), and each level above it describes
 * pairs of units from the levels below, hence, "buddies".
 * At a high level, all that happens here is marking the table entry
 * at the bottom level available, and propagating the changes upward
 * as necessary, plus some accounting needed to play nicely with other
 * parts of the VM system.
 * At each level, we keep a list of pages, which are heads of continuous
 * free pages of length of (1 << order) and marked with PageBuddy.
 * Page's order is recorded in page_private(page) field.
 * So when we are allocating or freeing one, we can derive the state of the
 * other.  That is, if we allocate a small block, and both were
 * free, the remainder of the region must be split into blocks.
 * If a block is freed, and its buddy is also free, then this
 * triggers coalescing into a block of larger size.
 *
 * -- nyc
 */

static inline void __free_one_page(struct page *page,
                unsigned long pfn,
                struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
                int migratetype, fpi_t fpi_flags)
{
        struct capture_control *capc = task_capc(zone);
        unsigned long buddy_pfn;
        unsigned long combined_pfn;
        unsigned int max_order;
        struct page *buddy;
        bool to_tail;

        max_order = min_t(unsigned int, MAX_ORDER - 1, pageblock_order);

        VM_BUG_ON(!zone_is_initialized(zone));
        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page->flags & PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP, page);

        VM_BUG_ON(migratetype == -1);
        if (likely(!is_migrate_isolate(migratetype)))
                __mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, 1 << order, migratetype);

        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pfn & ((1 << order) - 1), page);
        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(bad_range(zone, page), page);

continue_merging:
        while (order < max_order) {
                if (compaction_capture(capc, page, order, migratetype)) {
                        __mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, -(1 << order),
                                                                migratetype);
                        return;
                }
                buddy_pfn = __find_buddy_pfn(pfn, order);
                buddy = page + (buddy_pfn - pfn);

                if (!pfn_valid_within(buddy_pfn))
                        goto done_merging;
                if (!page_is_buddy(page, buddy, order))
                        goto done_merging;
                /*
                 * Our buddy is free or it is CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC guard page,
                 * merge with it and move up one order.
                 */
                if (page_is_guard(buddy))
                        clear_page_guard(zone, buddy, order, migratetype);
                else
                        del_page_from_free_list(buddy, zone, order);
                combined_pfn = buddy_pfn & pfn;
                page = page + (combined_pfn - pfn);
                pfn = combined_pfn;
                order++;
        }
        if (order < MAX_ORDER - 1) {
                /* If we are here, it means order is >= pageblock_order.
                 * We want to prevent merge between freepages on isolate
                 * pageblock and normal pageblock. Without this, pageblock
                 * isolation could cause incorrect freepage or CMA accounting.
                 *
                 * We don't want to hit this code for the more frequent
                 * low-order merging.
                 */
                if (unlikely(has_isolate_pageblock(zone))) {
                        int buddy_mt;

                        buddy_pfn = __find_buddy_pfn(pfn, order);
                        buddy = page + (buddy_pfn - pfn);
                        buddy_mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(buddy);

                        if (migratetype != buddy_mt
                                        && (is_migrate_isolate(migratetype) ||
                                                is_migrate_isolate(buddy_mt)))
                                goto done_merging;
                }
                max_order = order + 1;
                goto continue_merging;
        }

done_merging:
        set_buddy_order(page, order);

        if (fpi_flags & FPI_TO_TAIL)
                to_tail = true;
        else if (is_shuffle_order(order))
                to_tail = shuffle_pick_tail();
        else
                to_tail = buddy_merge_likely(pfn, buddy_pfn, page, order);

        if (to_tail)
                add_to_free_list_tail(page, zone, order, migratetype);
        else
                add_to_free_list(page, zone, order, migratetype);

        /* Notify page reporting subsystem of freed page */
        if (!(fpi_flags & FPI_SKIP_REPORT_NOTIFY))
                page_reporting_notify_free(order);
}

/*
 * A bad page could be due to a number of fields. Instead of multiple branches,
 * try and check multiple fields with one check. The caller must do a detailed
 * check if necessary.
 */
static inline bool page_expected_state(struct page *page,
                                        unsigned long check_flags)
{
        if (unlikely(atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) != -1))
                return false;

        if (unlikely((unsigned long)page->mapping |
                        page_ref_count(page) |
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
                        page->memcg_data |
#endif
                        (page->flags & check_flags)))
                return false;

        return true;
}

static const char *page_bad_reason(struct page *page, unsigned long flags)
{
        const char *bad_reason = NULL;

        if (unlikely(atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) != -1))
                bad_reason = "nonzero mapcount";
        if (unlikely(page->mapping != NULL))
                bad_reason = "non-NULL mapping";
        if (unlikely(page_ref_count(page) != 0))
                bad_reason = "nonzero _refcount";
        if (unlikely(page->flags & flags)) {
                if (flags == PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP)
                        bad_reason = "PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP flag(s) set";
                else
                        bad_reason = "PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE flag(s) set";
        }
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
        if (unlikely(page->memcg_data))
                bad_reason = "page still charged to cgroup";
#endif
        return bad_reason;
}

static void check_free_page_bad(struct page *page)
{
        bad_page(page,
                 page_bad_reason(page, PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE));
}

static inline int check_free_page(struct page *page)
{
        if (likely(page_expected_state(page, PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE)))
                return 0;

        /* Something has gone sideways, find it */
        check_free_page_bad(page);
        return 1;
}

static int free_tail_pages_check(struct page *head_page, struct page *page)
{
        int ret = 1;

        /*
         * We rely page->lru.next never has bit 0 set, unless the page
         * is PageTail(). Let's make sure that's true even for poisoned ->lru.
         */
        BUILD_BUG_ON((unsigned long)LIST_POISON1 & 1);

        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM)) {
                ret = 0;
                goto out;
        }
        switch (page - head_page) {
        case 1:
                /* the first tail page: ->mapping may be compound_mapcount() */
                if (unlikely(compound_mapcount(page))) {
                        bad_page(page, "nonzero compound_mapcount");
                        goto out;
                }
                break;
        case 2:
                /*
                 * the second tail page: ->mapping is
                 * deferred_list.next -- ignore value.
                 */
                break;
        default:
                if (page->mapping != TAIL_MAPPING) {
                        bad_page(page, "corrupted mapping in tail page");
                        goto out;
                }
                break;
        }
        if (unlikely(!PageTail(page))) {
                bad_page(page, "PageTail not set");
                goto out;
        }
        if (unlikely(compound_head(page) != head_page)) {
                bad_page(page, "compound_head not consistent");
                goto out;
        }
        ret = 0;
out:
        page->mapping = NULL;
        clear_compound_head(page);
        return ret;
}

static void kernel_init_free_pages(struct page *page, int numpages)
{
        int i;

        /* s390's use of memset() could override KASAN redzones. */
        kasan_disable_current();
        for (i = 0; i < numpages; i++) {
                u8 tag = page_kasan_tag(page + i);
                page_kasan_tag_reset(page + i);
                clear_highpage(page + i);
                page_kasan_tag_set(page + i, tag);
        }
        kasan_enable_current();
}

static __always_inline bool free_pages_prepare(struct page *page,
                        unsigned int order, bool check_free, fpi_t fpi_flags)
{
        int bad = 0;
        bool init;

        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageTail(page), page);

        trace_mm_page_free(page, order);

        if (unlikely(PageHWPoison(page)) && !order) {
                /*
                 * Do not let hwpoison pages hit pcplists/buddy
                 * Untie memcg state and reset page's owner
                 */
                if (memcg_kmem_enabled() && PageMemcgKmem(page))
                        __memcg_kmem_uncharge_page(page, order);
                reset_page_owner(page, order);
                return false;
        }

        /*
         * Check tail pages before head page information is cleared to
         * avoid checking PageCompound for order-0 pages.
         */
        if (unlikely(order)) {
                bool compound = PageCompound(page);
                int i;

                VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(compound && compound_order(page) != order, page);

                if (compound)
                        ClearPageDoubleMap(page);
                for (i = 1; i < (1 << order); i++) {
                        if (compound)
                                bad += free_tail_pages_check(page, page + i);
                        if (unlikely(check_free_page(page + i))) {
                                bad++;
                                continue;
                        }
                        (page + i)->flags &= ~PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP;
                }
        }
        if (PageMappingFlags(page))
                page->mapping = NULL;
        if (memcg_kmem_enabled() && PageMemcgKmem(page))
                __memcg_kmem_uncharge_page(page, order);
        if (check_free)
                bad += check_free_page(page);
        if (bad)
                return false;

        page_cpupid_reset_last(page);
        page->flags &= ~PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP;
        reset_page_owner(page, order);

        if (!PageHighMem(page)) {
                debug_check_no_locks_freed(page_address(page),
                                           PAGE_SIZE << order);
                debug_check_no_obj_freed(page_address(page),
                                           PAGE_SIZE << order);
        }

        kernel_poison_pages(page, 1 << order);

        /*
         * As memory initialization might be integrated into KASAN,
         * kasan_free_pages and kernel_init_free_pages must be
         * kept together to avoid discrepancies in behavior.
         *
         * With hardware tag-based KASAN, memory tags must be set before the
         * page becomes unavailable via debug_pagealloc or arch_free_page.
         */
        init = want_init_on_free();
        if (init && !kasan_has_integrated_init())
                kernel_init_free_pages(page, 1 << order);
        kasan_free_nondeferred_pages(page, order, init, fpi_flags);

        /*
         * arch_free_page() can make the page's contents inaccessible.  s390
         * does this.  So nothing which can access the page's contents should
         * happen after this.
         */
        arch_free_page(page, order);

        debug_pagealloc_unmap_pages(page, 1 << order);

        return true;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
/*
 * With DEBUG_VM enabled, order-0 pages are checked immediately when being freed
 * to pcp lists. With debug_pagealloc also enabled, they are also rechecked when
 * moved from pcp lists to free lists.
 */
static bool free_pcp_prepare(struct page *page)
{
        return free_pages_prepare(page, 0, true, FPI_NONE);
}

static bool bulkfree_pcp_prepare(struct page *page)
{
        if (debug_pagealloc_enabled_static())
                return check_free_page(page);
        else
                return false;
}
#else
/*
 * With DEBUG_VM disabled, order-0 pages being freed are checked only when
 * moving from pcp lists to free list in order to reduce overhead. With
 * debug_pagealloc enabled, they are checked also immediately when being freed
 * to the pcp lists.
 */
static bool free_pcp_prepare(struct page *page)
{
        if (debug_pagealloc_enabled_static())
                return free_pages_prepare(page, 0, true, FPI_NONE);
        else
                return free_pages_prepare(page, 0, false, FPI_NONE);
}

static bool bulkfree_pcp_prepare(struct page *page)
{
        return check_free_page(page);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_VM */

static inline void prefetch_buddy(struct page *page)
{
        unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
        unsigned long buddy_pfn = __find_buddy_pfn(pfn, 0);
        struct page *buddy = page + (buddy_pfn - pfn);

        prefetch(buddy);
}

/*
 * Frees a number of pages from the PCP lists
 * Assumes all pages on list are in same zone, and of same order.
 * count is the number of pages to free.
 *
 * If the zone was previously in an "all pages pinned" state then look to
 * see if this freeing clears that state.
 *
 * And clear the zone's pages_scanned counter, to hold off the "all pages are
 * pinned" detection logic.
 */
static void free_pcppages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
                                        struct per_cpu_pages *pcp)
{
        int migratetype = 0;
        int batch_free = 0;
        int prefetch_nr = READ_ONCE(pcp->batch);
        bool isolated_pageblocks;
        struct page *page, *tmp;
        LIST_HEAD(head);

        /*
         * Ensure proper count is passed which otherwise would stuck in the
         * below while (list_empty(list)) loop.
         */
        count = min(pcp->count, count);
        while (count) {
                struct list_head *list;

                /*
                 * Remove pages from lists in a round-robin fashion. A
                 * batch_free count is maintained that is incremented when an
                 * empty list is encountered.  This is so more pages are freed
                 * off fuller lists instead of spinning excessively around empty
                 * lists
                 */
                do {
                        batch_free++;
                        if (++migratetype == MIGRATE_PCPTYPES)
                                migratetype = 0;
                        list = &pcp->lists[migratetype];
                } while (list_empty(list));

                /* This is the only non-empty list. Free them all. */
                if (batch_free == MIGRATE_PCPTYPES)
                        batch_free = count;

                do {
                        page = list_last_entry(list, struct page, lru);
                        /* must delete to avoid corrupting pcp list */
                        list_del(&page->lru);
                        pcp->count--;

                        if (bulkfree_pcp_prepare(page))
                                continue;

                        list_add_tail(&page->lru, &head);

                        /*
                         * We are going to put the page back to the global
                         * pool, prefetch its buddy to speed up later access
                         * under zone->lock. It is believed the overhead of
                         * an additional test and calculating buddy_pfn here
                         * can be offset by reduced memory latency later. To
                         * avoid excessive prefetching due to large count, only
                         * prefetch buddy for the first pcp->batch nr of pages.
                         */
                        if (prefetch_nr) {
                                prefetch_buddy(page);
                                prefetch_nr--;
                        }
                } while (--count && --batch_free && !list_empty(list));
        }

        spin_lock(&zone->lock);
        isolated_pageblocks = has_isolate_pageblock(zone);

        /*
         * Use safe version since after __free_one_page(),
         * page->lru.next will not point to original list.
         */
        list_for_each_entry_safe(page, tmp, &head, lru) {
                int mt = get_pcppage_migratetype(page);
                /* MIGRATE_ISOLATE page should not go to pcplists */
                VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(is_migrate_isolate(mt), page);
                /* Pageblock could have been isolated meanwhile */
                if (unlikely(isolated_pageblocks))
                        mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);

                __free_one_page(page, page_to_pfn(page), zone, 0, mt, FPI_NONE);
                trace_mm_page_pcpu_drain(page, 0, mt);
        }
        spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
}

static void free_one_page(struct zone *zone,
                                struct page *page, unsigned long pfn,
                                unsigned int order,
                                int migratetype, fpi_t fpi_flags)
{
        spin_lock(&zone->lock);
        if (unlikely(has_isolate_pageblock(zone) ||
                is_migrate_isolate(migratetype))) {
                migratetype = get_pfnblock_migratetype(page, pfn);
        }
        __free_one_page(page, pfn, zone, order, migratetype, fpi_flags);
        spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
}

static void __meminit __init_single_page(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn,
                                unsigned long zone, int nid)
{
        mm_zero_struct_page(page);
        set_page_links(page, zone, nid, pfn);
        init_page_count(page);
        page_mapcount_reset(page);
        page_cpupid_reset_last(page);
        page_kasan_tag_reset(page);

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
#ifdef WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL
        /* The shift won't overflow because ZONE_NORMAL is below 4G. */
        if (!is_highmem_idx(zone))
                set_page_address(page, __va(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT));
#endif
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
static void __meminit init_reserved_page(unsigned long pfn)
{
        pg_data_t *pgdat;
        int nid, zid;

        if (!early_page_uninitialised(pfn))
                return;

        nid = early_pfn_to_nid(pfn);
        pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);

        for (zid = 0; zid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zid++) {
                struct zone *zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zid];

                if (pfn >= zone->zone_start_pfn && pfn < zone_end_pfn(zone))
                        break;
        }
        __init_single_page(pfn_to_page(pfn), pfn, zid, nid);
}
#else
static inline void init_reserved_page(unsigned long pfn)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT */

/*
 * Initialised pages do not have PageReserved set. This function is
 * called for each range allocated by the bootmem allocator and
 * marks the pages PageReserved. The remaining valid pages are later
 * sent to the buddy page allocator.
 */
void __meminit reserve_bootmem_region(phys_addr_t start, phys_addr_t end)
{
        unsigned long start_pfn = PFN_DOWN(start);
        unsigned long end_pfn = PFN_UP(end);

        for (; start_pfn < end_pfn; start_pfn++) {
                if (pfn_valid(start_pfn)) {
                        struct page *page = pfn_to_page(start_pfn);

                        init_reserved_page(start_pfn);

                        /* Avoid false-positive PageTail() */
                        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);

                        /*
                         * no need for atomic set_bit because the struct
                         * page is not visible yet so nobody should
                         * access it yet.
                         */
                        __SetPageReserved(page);
                }
        }
}

static void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order,
                            fpi_t fpi_flags)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        int migratetype;
        unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);

        if (!free_pages_prepare(page, order, true, fpi_flags))
                return;

        migratetype = get_pfnblock_migratetype(page, pfn);
        local_irq_save(flags);
        __count_vm_events(PGFREE, 1 << order);
        free_one_page(page_zone(page), page, pfn, order, migratetype,
                      fpi_flags);
        local_irq_restore(flags);
}

void __free_pages_core(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
        unsigned int nr_pages = 1 << order;
        struct page *p = page;
        unsigned int loop;

        /*
         * When initializing the memmap, __init_single_page() sets the refcount
         * of all pages to 1 ("allocated"/"not free"). We have to set the
         * refcount of all involved pages to 0.
         */
        prefetchw(p);
        for (loop = 0; loop < (nr_pages - 1); loop++, p++) {
                prefetchw(p + 1);
                __ClearPageReserved(p);
                set_page_count(p, 0);
        }
        __ClearPageReserved(p);
        set_page_count(p, 0);

        atomic_long_add(nr_pages, &page_zone(page)->managed_pages);

        /*
         * Bypass PCP and place fresh pages right to the tail, primarily
         * relevant for memory onlining.
         */
        __free_pages_ok(page, order, FPI_TO_TAIL | FPI_SKIP_KASAN_POISON);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES

/*
 * During memory init memblocks map pfns to nids. The search is expensive and
 * this caches recent lookups. The implementation of __early_pfn_to_nid
 * treats start/end as pfns.
 */
struct mminit_pfnnid_cache {
        unsigned long last_start;
        unsigned long last_end;
        int last_nid;
};

static struct mminit_pfnnid_cache early_pfnnid_cache __meminitdata;

/*
 * Required by SPARSEMEM. Given a PFN, return what node the PFN is on.
 */
static int __meminit __early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn,
                                        struct mminit_pfnnid_cache *state)
{
        unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
        int nid;

        if (state->last_start <= pfn && pfn < state->last_end)
                return state->last_nid;

        nid = memblock_search_pfn_nid(pfn, &start_pfn, &end_pfn);
        if (nid != NUMA_NO_NODE) {
                state->last_start = start_pfn;
                state->last_end = end_pfn;
                state->last_nid = nid;
        }

        return nid;
}

int __meminit early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn)
{
        static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(early_pfn_lock);
        int nid;

        spin_lock(&early_pfn_lock);
        nid = __early_pfn_to_nid(pfn, &early_pfnnid_cache);
        if (nid < 0)
                nid = first_online_node;
        spin_unlock(&early_pfn_lock);

        return nid;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES */

void __init memblock_free_pages(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn,
                                                        unsigned int order)
{
        if (early_page_uninitialised(pfn))
                return;
        __free_pages_core(page, order);
}

/*
 * Check that the whole (or subset of) a pageblock given by the interval of
 * [start_pfn, end_pfn) is valid and within the same zone, before scanning it
 * with the migration of free compaction scanner. The scanners then need to
 * use only pfn_valid_within() check for arches that allow holes within
 * pageblocks.
 *
 * Return struct page pointer of start_pfn, or NULL if checks were not passed.
 *
 * It's possible on some configurations to have a setup like node0 node1 node0
 * i.e. it's possible that all pages within a zones range of pages do not
 * belong to a single zone. We assume that a border between node0 and node1
 * can occur within a single pageblock, but not a node0 node1 node0
 * interleaving within a single pageblock. It is therefore sufficient to check
 * the first and last page of a pageblock and avoid checking each individual
 * page in a pageblock.
 */
struct page *__pageblock_pfn_to_page(unsigned long start_pfn,
                                     unsigned long end_pfn, struct zone *zone)
{
        struct page *start_page;
        struct page *end_page;

        /* end_pfn is one past the range we are checking */
        end_pfn--;

        if (!pfn_valid(start_pfn) || !pfn_valid(end_pfn))
                return NULL;

        start_page = pfn_to_online_page(start_pfn);
        if (!start_page)
                return NULL;

        if (page_zone(start_page) != zone)
                return NULL;

        end_page = pfn_to_page(end_pfn);

        /* This gives a shorter code than deriving page_zone(end_page) */
        if (page_zone_id(start_page) != page_zone_id(end_page))
                return NULL;

        return start_page;
}

void set_zone_contiguous(struct zone *zone)
{
        unsigned long block_start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
        unsigned long block_end_pfn;

        block_end_pfn = ALIGN(block_start_pfn + 1, pageblock_nr_pages);
        for (; block_start_pfn < zone_end_pfn(zone);
                        block_start_pfn = block_end_pfn,
                         block_end_pfn += pageblock_nr_pages) {

                block_end_pfn = min(block_end_pfn, zone_end_pfn(zone));

                if (!__pageblock_pfn_to_page(block_start_pfn,
                                             block_end_pfn, zone))
                        return;
                cond_resched();
        }

        /* We confirm that there is no hole */
        zone->contiguous = true;
}

void clear_zone_contiguous(struct zone *zone)
{
        zone->contiguous = false;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
static void __init deferred_free_range(unsigned long pfn,
                                       unsigned long nr_pages)
{
        struct page *page;
        unsigned long i;

        if (!nr_pages)
                return;

        page = pfn_to_page(pfn);

        /* Free a large naturally-aligned chunk if possible */
        if (nr_pages == pageblock_nr_pages &&
            (pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1)) == 0) {
                set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
                __free_pages_core(page, pageblock_order);
                return;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++, page++, pfn++) {
                if ((pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1)) == 0)
                        set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
                __free_pages_core(page, 0);
        }
}

/* Completion tracking for deferred_init_memmap() threads */
static atomic_t pgdat_init_n_undone __initdata;
static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(pgdat_init_all_done_comp);

static inline void __init pgdat_init_report_one_done(void)
{
        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&pgdat_init_n_undone))
                complete(&pgdat_init_all_done_comp);
}

/*
 * Returns true if page needs to be initialized or freed to buddy allocator.
 *
 * First we check if pfn is valid on architectures where it is possible to have
 * holes within pageblock_nr_pages. On systems where it is not possible, this
 * function is optimized out.
 *
 * Then, we check if a current large page is valid by only checking the validity
 * of the head pfn.
 */
static inline bool __init deferred_pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
{
        if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn))
                return false;
        if (!(pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1)) && !pfn_valid(pfn))
                return false;
        return true;
}

/*
 * Free pages to buddy allocator. Try to free aligned pages in
 * pageblock_nr_pages sizes.
 */
static void __init deferred_free_pages(unsigned long pfn,
                                       unsigned long end_pfn)
{
        unsigned long nr_pgmask = pageblock_nr_pages - 1;
        unsigned long nr_free = 0;

        for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
                if (!deferred_pfn_valid(pfn)) {
                        deferred_free_range(pfn - nr_free, nr_free);
                        nr_free = 0;
                } else if (!(pfn & nr_pgmask)) {
                        deferred_free_range(pfn - nr_free, nr_free);
                        nr_free = 1;
                } else {
                        nr_free++;
                }
        }
        /* Free the last block of pages to allocator */
        deferred_free_range(pfn - nr_free, nr_free);
}

/*
 * Initialize struct pages.  We minimize pfn page lookups and scheduler checks
 * by performing it only once every pageblock_nr_pages.
 * Return number of pages initialized.
 */
static unsigned long  __init deferred_init_pages(struct zone *zone,
                                                 unsigned long pfn,
                                                 unsigned long end_pfn)
{
        unsigned long nr_pgmask = pageblock_nr_pages - 1;
        int nid = zone_to_nid(zone);
        unsigned long nr_pages = 0;
        int zid = zone_idx(zone);
        struct page *page = NULL;

        for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
                if (!deferred_pfn_valid(pfn)) {
                        page = NULL;
                        continue;
                } else if (!page || !(pfn & nr_pgmask)) {
                        page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
                } else {
                        page++;
                }
                __init_single_page(page, pfn, zid, nid);
                nr_pages++;
        }
        return (nr_pages);
}

/*
 * This function is meant to pre-load the iterator for the zone init.
 * Specifically it walks through the ranges until we are caught up to the
 * first_init_pfn value and exits there. If we never encounter the value we
 * return false indicating there are no valid ranges left.
 */
static bool __init
deferred_init_mem_pfn_range_in_zone(u64 *i, struct zone *zone,
                                    unsigned long *spfn, unsigned long *epfn,
                                    unsigned long first_init_pfn)
{
        u64 j;

        /*
         * Start out by walking through the ranges in this zone that have
         * already been initialized. We don't need to do anything with them
         * so we just need to flush them out of the system.
         */
        for_each_free_mem_pfn_range_in_zone(j, zone, spfn, epfn) {
                if (*epfn <= first_init_pfn)
                        continue;
                if (*spfn < first_init_pfn)
                        *spfn = first_init_pfn;
                *i = j;
                return true;
        }

        return false;
}

/*
 * Initialize and free pages. We do it in two loops: first we initialize
 * struct page, then free to buddy allocator, because while we are
 * freeing pages we can access pages that are ahead (computing buddy
 * page in __free_one_page()).
 *
 * In order to try and keep some memory in the cache we have the loop
 * broken along max page order boundaries. This way we will not cause
 * any issues with the buddy page computation.
 */
static unsigned long __init
deferred_init_maxorder(u64 *i, struct zone *zone, unsigned long *start_pfn,
                       unsigned long *end_pfn)
{
        unsigned long mo_pfn = ALIGN(*start_pfn + 1, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
        unsigned long spfn = *start_pfn, epfn = *end_pfn;
        unsigned long nr_pages = 0;
        u64 j = *i;

        /* First we loop through and initialize the page values */
        for_each_free_mem_pfn_range_in_zone_from(j, zone, start_pfn, end_pfn) {
                unsigned long t;

                if (mo_pfn <= *start_pfn)
                        break;

                t = min(mo_pfn, *end_pfn);
                nr_pages += deferred_init_pages(zone, *start_pfn, t);

                if (mo_pfn < *end_pfn) {
                        *start_pfn = mo_pfn;
                        break;
                }
        }

        /* Reset values and now loop through freeing pages as needed */
        swap(j, *i);

        for_each_free_mem_pfn_range_in_zone_from(j, zone, &spfn, &epfn) {
                unsigned long t;

                if (mo_pfn <= spfn)
                        break;

                t = min(mo_pfn, epfn);
                deferred_free_pages(spfn, t);

                if (mo_pfn <= epfn)
                        break;
        }

        return nr_pages;
}

static void __init
deferred_init_memmap_chunk(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn,
                           void *arg)
{
        unsigned long spfn, epfn;
        struct zone *zone = arg;
        u64 i;

        deferred_init_mem_pfn_range_in_zone(&i, zone, &spfn, &epfn, start_pfn);

        /*
         * Initialize and free pages in MAX_ORDER sized increments so that we
         * can avoid introducing any issues with the buddy allocator.
         */
        while (spfn < end_pfn) {
                deferred_init_maxorder(&i, zone, &spfn, &epfn);
                cond_resched();
        }
}

/* An arch may override for more concurrency. */
__weak int __init
deferred_page_init_max_threads(const struct cpumask *node_cpumask)
{
        return 1;
}

/* Initialise remaining memory on a node */
static int __init deferred_init_memmap(void *data)
{
        pg_data_t *pgdat = data;
        const struct cpumask *cpumask = cpumask_of_node(pgdat->node_id);
        unsigned long spfn = 0, epfn = 0;
        unsigned long first_init_pfn, flags;
        unsigned long start = jiffies;
        struct zone *zone;
        int zid, max_threads;
        u64 i;

        /* Bind memory initialisation thread to a local node if possible */
        if (!cpumask_empty(cpumask))
                set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask);

        pgdat_resize_lock(pgdat, &flags);
        first_init_pfn = pgdat->first_deferred_pfn;
        if (first_init_pfn == ULONG_MAX) {
                pgdat_resize_unlock(pgdat, &flags);
                pgdat_init_report_one_done();
                return 0;
        }

        /* Sanity check boundaries */
        BUG_ON(pgdat->first_deferred_pfn < pgdat->node_start_pfn);
        BUG_ON(pgdat->first_deferred_pfn > pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat));
        pgdat->first_deferred_pfn = ULONG_MAX;

        /*
         * Once we unlock here, the zone cannot be grown anymore, thus if an
         * interrupt thread must allocate this early in boot, zone must be