1 2 LINUX ALLOCATED DEVICES 3 Maintained by H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> 4 5 Last revised: March 23, 2000 6 7This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated 8device numbers and /dev directory nodes for the Linux operating 9system. 10 11The latest version of this list is included with the Linux kernel 12sources. It is also available separately from 13http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/device-list/ or 14ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/device-list/. The LaTeX version 15of this document is no longer maintained. 16 17This document is included by reference into the Filesystem Hierarchy 18Standard (FHS). The FHS is available from http://www.pathname.com/fhs/. 19 20Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amiga 21platform only. Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k on 22the Atari platform only. 23 24The symbol {2.6} means the allocation is obsolete and scheduled for 25removal once kernel version 2.6 (or equivalent) is released. 26 27This document is in the public domain. The author requests, however, 28that semantically altered versions are not distributed without 29permission of the author, assuming the author can be contacted without 30an unreasonable effort. 31 32In particular, please don't sent patches for this list to Linus, at 33least not without contacting me first. 34 35I do not have any information about these devices beyond what appears 36on this list. Any such information requests will be deleted without 37reply. 38 39 40 **** PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE SUBMITTING A DEVICE ENTRY **** 41 42To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situations 43where that applies (e.g. busmice), please contact me with the 44appropriate device information. Also, if you have additional 45information regarding any of the devices listed below, or if I have 46made a mistake, I would greatly appreciate a note. 47 48I do, however, make two requests about the nature of your report. 49This is necessary for me to be able to keep this list up to date and 50correct in a timely manner. First of all, *please* include the word 51"device" in the subject so your mail won't accidentally get buried! I 52receive hundreds of email messages a day, so mail sent with other 53subjects may very well get lost in the avalanche. 54 55Second, please include a description of the device *in the same format 56as this list*. The reason for this is that it is the only way I have 57found to ensure I have all the requisite information to publish your 58device and avoid conflicts. 59 60Finally, sometimes I have to play "namespace police." Please don't be 61offended. I often get submissions for /dev names that would be bound 62to cause conflicts down the road. I am trying to avoid getting in a 63situation where we would have to suffer an incompatible forward 64change. 65 66 67Your cooperation is appreciated. 68 69 70 0 Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts) 71 0 = reserved as null device number 72 73 1 char Memory devices 74 1 = /dev/mem Physical memory access 75 2 = /dev/kmem Kernel virtual memory access 76 3 = /dev/null Null device 77 4 = /dev/port I/O port access 78 5 = /dev/zero Null byte source 79 6 = /dev/core OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore 80 7 = /dev/full Returns ENOSPC on write 81 8 = /dev/random Nondeterministic random number gen. 82 9 = /dev/urandom Faster, less secure random number gen. 83 block RAM disk 84 0 = /dev/ram0 First RAM disk 85 ... 86 7 = /dev/ram7 Eighth RAM disk 87 250 = /dev/initrd Initial RAM disk 88 89 Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here. 90 /dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded 91 by the boot loader. 92 93 2 char Pseudo-TTY masters 94 0 = /dev/ptyp0 First PTY master 95 1 = /dev/ptyp1 Second PTY master 96 ... 97 255 = /dev/ptyef 256th PTY master 98 99 Pseudo-tty's are named as follows: 100 * Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty"; 101 * the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating 102 the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and 103 * the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating 104 the position within the series. 105 106 These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98 107 devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY 108 master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on 109 demand. 110 111 block Floppy disks 112 0 = /dev/fd0 Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect 113 1 = /dev/fd1 Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect 114 2 = /dev/fd2 Controller 0, drive 2, autodetect 115 3 = /dev/fd3 Controller 0, drive 3, autodetect 116 128 = /dev/fd4 Controller 1, drive 0, autodetect 117 129 = /dev/fd5 Controller 1, drive 1, autodetect 118 130 = /dev/fd6 Controller 1, drive 2, autodetect 119 131 = /dev/fd7 Controller 1, drive 3, autodetect 120 121 To specify format, add to the autodetect device number: 122 0 = /dev/fd? Autodetect format 123 4 = /dev/fd?d360 5.25" 360K in a 360K drive(1) 124 20 = /dev/fd?h360 5.25" 360K in a 1200K drive(1) 125 48 = /dev/fd?h410 5.25" 410K in a 1200K drive 126 64 = /dev/fd?h420 5.25" 420K in a 1200K drive 127 24 = /dev/fd?h720 5.25" 720K in a 1200K drive 128 80 = /dev/fd?h880 5.25" 880K in a 1200K drive(1) 129 8 = /dev/fd?h1200 5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1) 130 40 = /dev/fd?h1440 5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1) 131 56 = /dev/fd?h1476 5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive 132 72 = /dev/fd?h1494 5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive 133 92 = /dev/fd?h1600 5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1) 134 135 12 = /dev/fd?u360 3.5" 360K Double Density(2) 136 16 = /dev/fd?u720 3.5" 720K Double Density(1) 137 120 = /dev/fd?u800 3.5" 800K Double Density(2) 138 52 = /dev/fd?u820 3.5" 820K Double Density 139 68 = /dev/fd?u830 3.5" 830K Double Density 140 84 = /dev/fd?u1040 3.5" 1040K Double Density(1) 141 88 = /dev/fd?u1120 3.5" 1120K Double Density(1) 142 28 = /dev/fd?u1440 3.5" 1440K High Density(1) 143 124 = /dev/fd?u1600 3.5" 1600K High Density(1) 144 44 = /dev/fd?u1680 3.5" 1680K High Density(3) 145 60 = /dev/fd?u1722 3.5" 1722K High Density 146 76 = /dev/fd?u1743 3.5" 1743K High Density 147 96 = /dev/fd?u1760 3.5" 1760K High Density 148 116 = /dev/fd?u1840 3.5" 1840K High Density(3) 149 100 = /dev/fd?u1920 3.5" 1920K High Density(1) 150 32 = /dev/fd?u2880 3.5" 2880K Extra Density(1) 151 104 = /dev/fd?u3200 3.5" 3200K Extra Density 152 108 = /dev/fd?u3520 3.5" 3520K Extra Density 153 112 = /dev/fd?u3840 3.5" 3840K Extra Density(1) 154 155 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete? 156 157 (1) Autodetectable format 158 (2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only 159 (3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only 160 161 NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u) 162 signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d), 163 5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5" 164 (any model, u). The use of the capital letters D, H 165 and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since 166 the drive type is insignificant for these devices. 167 168 3 char Pseudo-TTY slaves 169 0 = /dev/ttyp0 First PTY slave 170 1 = /dev/ttyp1 Second PTY slave 171 ... 172 255 = /dev/ttyef 256th PTY slave 173 174 These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98 175 devices are on major 136 and above. 176 177 block First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 178 0 = /dev/hda Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 179 64 = /dev/hdb Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 180 181 For partitions, add to the whole disk device number: 182 0 = /dev/hd? Whole disk 183 1 = /dev/hd?1 First partition 184 2 = /dev/hd?2 Second partition 185 ... 186 63 = /dev/hd?63 63rd partition 187 188 For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary 189 partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions. 190 Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes 191 appropriate to their respective architectures. 192 193 4 char TTY devices 194 0 = /dev/tty0 Current virtual console 195 196 1 = /dev/tty1 First virtual console 197 ... 198 63 = /dev/tty63 63rd virtual console 199 64 = /dev/ttyS0 First UART serial port 200 ... 201 255 = /dev/ttyS191 192nd UART serial port 202 203 Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major 204 number for BSD PTY devices. As of Linux 2.1.115, this 205 is no longer supported. Use major numbers 2 and 3. 206 207 5 char Alternate TTY devices 208 0 = /dev/tty Current TTY device 209 1 = /dev/console System console 210 2 = /dev/ptmx PTY master multiplex 211 64 = /dev/cua0 Callout device for ttyS0 212 ... 213 255 = /dev/cua191 Callout device for ttyS191 214 215 (5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71. See 216 the section on terminal devices for more information 217 on /dev/console. 218 219 6 char Parallel printer devices 220 0 = /dev/lp0 Parallel printer on parport0 221 1 = /dev/lp1 Parallel printer on parport1 222 ... 223 224 Current Linux kernels no longer have a fixed mapping 225 between parallel ports and I/O addresses. Instead, 226 they are redirected through the parport multiplex layer. 227 228 7 char Virtual console capture devices 229 0 = /dev/vcs Current vc text contents 230 1 = /dev/vcs1 tty1 text contents 231 ... 232 63 = /dev/vcs63 tty63 text contents 233 128 = /dev/vcsa Current vc text/attribute contents 234 129 = /dev/vcsa1 tty1 text/attribute contents 235 ... 236 191 = /dev/vcsa63 tty63 text/attribute contents 237 238 NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access. 239 240 block Loopback devices 241 0 = /dev/loop0 First loopback device 242 1 = /dev/loop1 Second loopback device 243 ... 244 245 The loopback devices are used to mount filesystems not 246 associated with block devices. The binding to the 247 loopback devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8). 248 249 8 block SCSI disk devices (0-15) 250 0 = /dev/sda First SCSI disk whole disk 251 16 = /dev/sdb Second SCSI disk whole disk 252 32 = /dev/sdc Third SCSI disk whole disk 253 ... 254 240 = /dev/sdp Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk 255 256 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 257 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 258 partitions is 15. 259 260 9 char SCSI tape devices 261 0 = /dev/st0 First SCSI tape, mode 0 262 1 = /dev/st1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0 263 ... 264 32 = /dev/st0l First SCSI tape, mode 1 265 33 = /dev/st1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1 266 ... 267 64 = /dev/st0m First SCSI tape, mode 2 268 65 = /dev/st1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2 269 ... 270 96 = /dev/st0a First SCSI tape, mode 3 271 97 = /dev/st1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3 272 ... 273 128 = /dev/nst0 First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind 274 129 = /dev/nst1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind 275 ... 276 160 = /dev/nst0l First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind 277 161 = /dev/nst1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind 278 ... 279 192 = /dev/nst0m First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind 280 193 = /dev/nst1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind 281 ... 282 224 = /dev/nst0a First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind 283 225 = /dev/nst1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind 284 ... 285 286 "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default 287 automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL 288 ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of 289 the device used to access it. 290 291 block Metadisk (RAID) devices 292 0 = /dev/md0 First metadisk group 293 1 = /dev/md1 Second metadisk group 294 ... 295 296 The metadisk driver is used to span a 297 filesystem across multiple physical disks. 298 299 10 char Non-serial mice, misc features 300 0 = /dev/logibm Logitech bus mouse 301 1 = /dev/psaux PS/2-style mouse port 302 2 = /dev/inportbm Microsoft Inport bus mouse 303 3 = /dev/atibm ATI XL bus mouse 304 4 = /dev/jbm J-mouse 305 4 = /dev/amigamouse Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga) 306 5 = /dev/atarimouse Atari mouse 307 6 = /dev/sunmouse Sun mouse 308 7 = /dev/amigamouse1 Second Amiga mouse 309 8 = /dev/smouse Simple serial mouse driver 310 9 = /dev/pc110pad IBM PC-110 digitizer pad 311 10 = /dev/adbmouse Apple Desktop Bus mouse 312 11 = /dev/vrtpanel Vr41xx embedded touch panel 313 13 = /dev/vpcmouse Connectix Virtual PC Mouse 314 128 = /dev/beep Fancy beep device 315 129 = /dev/modreq Kernel module load request {2.6} 316 130 = /dev/watchdog Watchdog timer port 317 131 = /dev/temperature Machine internal temperature 318 132 = /dev/hwtrap Hardware fault trap 319 133 = /dev/exttrp External device trap 320 134 = /dev/apm_bios Advanced Power Management BIOS 321 135 = /dev/rtc Real Time Clock 322 139 = /dev/openprom SPARC OpenBoot PROM 323 140 = /dev/relay8 Berkshire Products Octal relay card 324 141 = /dev/relay16 Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card 325 142 = /dev/msr x86 model-specific registers 326 143 = /dev/pciconf PCI configuration space 327 144 = /dev/nvram Non-volatile configuration RAM 328 145 = /dev/hfmodem Soundcard shortwave modem control {2.6} 329 146 = /dev/graphics Linux/SGI graphics device 330 147 = /dev/opengl Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe 331 148 = /dev/gfx Linux/SGI graphics effects device 332 149 = /dev/input/mouse Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse 333 150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard 334 151 = /dev/led Front panel LEDs 335 153 = /dev/mergemem Memory merge device 336 154 = /dev/pmu Macintosh PowerBook power manager 337 155 = /dev/isictl MultiTech ISICom serial control 338 156 = /dev/lcd Front panel LCD display 339 157 = /dev/ac Applicom Intl Profibus card 340 158 = /dev/nwbutton Netwinder external button 341 159 = /dev/nwdebug Netwinder debug interface 342 160 = /dev/nwflash Netwinder flash memory 343 161 = /dev/userdma User-space DMA access 344 162 = /dev/smbus System Management Bus 345 163 = /dev/lik Logitech Internet Keyboard 346 164 = /dev/ipmo Intel Intelligent Platform Management 347 165 = /dev/vmmon VMWare virtual machine monitor 348 166 = /dev/i2o/ctl I2O configuration manager 349 167 = /dev/specialix_sxctl Specialix serial control 350 168 = /dev/tcldrv Technology Concepts serial control 351 169 = /dev/specialix_rioctl Specialix RIO serial control 352 170 = /dev/smapi IBM Thinkpad SMAPI 353 171 = /dev/srripc QNX4 API IPC manager 354 172 = /dev/usemaclone Semaphore clone device 355 173 = /dev/ipmikcs Intelligent Platform Management 356 174 = /dev/uctrl SPARCbook 3 microcontroller 357 175 = /dev/agpgart AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table 358 176 = /dev/gtrsc Gorgy Timing radio clock 359 177 = /dev/cbm Serial CBM bus 360 178 = /dev/jsflash JavaStation OS flash SIMM 361 179 = /dev/xsvc High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service 362 180 = /dev/vrbuttons Vr41xx button input device 363 181 = /dev/toshiba Toshiba laptop SMM support 364 182 = /dev/perfctr Performance-monitoring counters 365 183 = /dev/intel_rng Intel i8x0 random number generator 366 184 = /dev/cpu/microcode CPU microcode update interface 367 240-255 Reserved for local use 368 369 11 char Raw keyboard device 370 0 = /dev/kbd Raw keyboard device 371 372 The raw keyboard device is used on Linux/SPARC only. 373 374 block SCSI CD-ROM devices 375 0 = /dev/sr0 First SCSI CD-ROM 376 1 = /dev/sr1 Second SCSI CD-ROM 377 ... 378 379 The prefix /dev/scd instead of /dev/sr has been used 380 as well, and might make more sense. 381 382 12 char QIC-02 tape 383 2 = /dev/ntpqic11 QIC-11, no rewind-on-close 384 3 = /dev/tpqic11 QIC-11, rewind-on-close 385 4 = /dev/ntpqic24 QIC-24, no rewind-on-close 386 5 = /dev/tpqic24 QIC-24, rewind-on-close 387 6 = /dev/ntpqic120 QIC-120, no rewind-on-close 388 7 = /dev/tpqic120 QIC-120, rewind-on-close 389 8 = /dev/ntpqic150 QIC-150, no rewind-on-close 390 9 = /dev/tpqic150 QIC-150, rewind-on-close 391 392 The device names specified are proposed -- if there 393 are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know. 394 395 block MSCDEX CD-ROM callback support {2.6} 396 0 = /dev/dos_cd0 First MSCDEX CD-ROM 397 1 = /dev/dos_cd1 Second MSCDEX CD-ROM 398 ... 399 400 13 char PC speaker (OBSOLETE) 401 0 = /dev/pcmixer Emulates /dev/mixer 402 1 = /dev/pcsp Emulates /dev/dsp (8-bit) 403 4 = /dev/pcaudio Emulates /dev/audio 404 5 = /dev/pcsp16 Emulates /dev/dsp (16-bit) 405 406 The current PC speaker driver uses the Open Sound 407 System interface, and these devices are obsolete. 408 409 block 8-bit MFM/RLL/IDE controller 410 0 = /dev/xda First XT disk whole disk 411 64 = /dev/xdb Second XT disk whole disk 412 413 Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks 414 (see major number 3). 415 416 14 char Open Sound System (OSS) 417 0 = /dev/mixer Mixer control 418 1 = /dev/sequencer Audio sequencer 419 2 = /dev/midi00 First MIDI port 420 3 = /dev/dsp Digital audio 421 4 = /dev/audio Sun-compatible digital audio 422 6 = /dev/sndstat Sound card status information {2.6} 423 7 = /dev/audioctl SPARC audio control device 424 8 = /dev/sequencer2 Sequencer -- alternate device 425 16 = /dev/mixer1 Second soundcard mixer control 426 17 = /dev/patmgr0 Sequencer patch manager 427 18 = /dev/midi01 Second MIDI port 428 19 = /dev/dsp1 Second soundcard digital audio 429 20 = /dev/audio1 Second soundcard Sun digital audio 430 33 = /dev/patmgr1 Sequencer patch manager 431 34 = /dev/midi02 Third MIDI port 432 50 = /dev/midi03 Fourth MIDI port 433 block BIOS harddrive callback support {2.6} 434 0 = /dev/dos_hda First BIOS harddrive whole disk 435 64 = /dev/dos_hdb Second BIOS harddrive whole disk 436 128 = /dev/dos_hdc Third BIOS harddrive whole disk 437 192 = /dev/dos_hdd Fourth BIOS harddrive whole disk 438 439 Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks 440 (see major number 3). 441 442 15 char Joystick 443 0 = /dev/js0 First analog joystick 444 1 = /dev/js1 Second analog joystick 445 ... 446 128 = /dev/djs0 First digital joystick 447 129 = /dev/djs1 Second digital joystick 448 ... 449 block Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM 450 0 = /dev/sonycd Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM 451 452 16 char Non-SCSI scanners 453 0 = /dev/gs4500 Genius 4500 handheld scanner 454 block GoldStar CD-ROM 455 0 = /dev/gscd GoldStar CD-ROM 456 457 17 char Chase serial card 458 0 = /dev/ttyH0 First Chase port 459 1 = /dev/ttyH1 Second Chase port 460 ... 461 block Optics Storage CD-ROM 462 0 = /dev/optcd Optics Storage CD-ROM 463 464 18 char Chase serial card - alternate devices 465 0 = /dev/cuh0 Callout device for ttyH0 466 1 = /dev/cuh1 Callout device for ttyH1 467 ... 468 block Sanyo CD-ROM 469 0 = /dev/sjcd Sanyo CD-ROM 470 471 19 char Cyclades serial card 472 0 = /dev/ttyC0 First Cyclades port 473 ... 474 31 = /dev/ttyC31 32nd Cyclades port 475 block "Double" compressed disk 476 0 = /dev/double0 First compressed disk 477 ... 478 7 = /dev/double7 Eighth compressed disk 479 128 = /dev/cdouble0 Mirror of first compressed disk 480 ... 481 135 = /dev/cdouble7 Mirror of eighth compressed disk 482 483 See the Double documentation for the meaning of the 484 mirror devices. 485 486 20 char Cyclades serial card - alternate devices 487 0 = /dev/cub0 Callout device for ttyC0 488 ... 489 31 = /dev/cub31 Callout device for ttyC31 490 block Hitachi CD-ROM (under development) 491 0 = /dev/hitcd Hitachi CD-ROM 492 493 21 char Generic SCSI access 494 0 = /dev/sg0 First generic SCSI device 495 1 = /dev/sg1 Second generic SCSI device 496 ... 497 498 Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...; 499 this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices in 500 the system and is counter to standard Linux 501 device-naming practice. 502 503 block Acorn MFM hard drive interface 504 0 = /dev/mfma First MFM drive whole disk 505 64 = /dev/mfmb Second MFM drive whole disk 506 507 This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC. 508 Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks 509 (see major number 3). 510 511 22 char Digiboard serial card 512 0 = /dev/ttyD0 First Digiboard port 513 1 = /dev/ttyD1 Second Digiboard port 514 ... 515 block Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 516 0 = /dev/hdc Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 517 64 = /dev/hdd Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 518 519 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first 520 interface (see major number 3). 521 522 23 char Digiboard serial card - alternate devices 523 0 = /dev/cud0 Callout device for ttyD0 524 1 = /dev/cud1 Callout device for ttyD1 525 ... 526 block Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM 527 0 = /dev/mcd Mitsumi CD-ROM 528 529 24 char Stallion serial card 530 0 = /dev/ttyE0 Stallion port 0 card 0 531 1 = /dev/ttyE1 Stallion port 1 card 0 532 ... 533 64 = /dev/ttyE64 Stallion port 0 card 1 534 65 = /dev/ttyE65 Stallion port 1 card 1 535 ... 536 128 = /dev/ttyE128 Stallion port 0 card 2 537 129 = /dev/ttyE129 Stallion port 1 card 2 538 ... 539 192 = /dev/ttyE192 Stallion port 0 card 3 540 193 = /dev/ttyE193 Stallion port 1 card 3 541 ... 542 block Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM 543 0 = /dev/cdu535 Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM 544 545 25 char Stallion serial card - alternate devices 546 0 = /dev/cue0 Callout device for ttyE0 547 1 = /dev/cue1 Callout device for ttyE1 548 ... 549 64 = /dev/cue64 Callout device for ttyE64 550 65 = /dev/cue65 Callout device for ttyE65 551 ... 552 128 = /dev/cue128 Callout device for ttyE128 553 129 = /dev/cue129 Callout device for ttyE129 554 ... 555 192 = /dev/cue192 Callout device for ttyE192 556 193 = /dev/cue193 Callout device for ttyE193 557 ... 558 block First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 559 0 = /dev/sbpcd0 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0 560 1 = /dev/sbpcd1 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1 561 2 = /dev/sbpcd2 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2 562 3 = /dev/sbpcd3 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3 563 564 26 char Quanta WinVision frame grabber {2.6} 565 0 = /dev/wvisfgrab Quanta WinVision frame grabber 566 block Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 567 0 = /dev/sbpcd4 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0 568 1 = /dev/sbpcd5 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1 569 2 = /dev/sbpcd6 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2 570 3 = /dev/sbpcd7 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3 571 572 27 char QIC-117 tape 573 0 = /dev/qft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close 574 1 = /dev/qft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close 575 2 = /dev/qft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close 576 3 = /dev/qft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close 577 4 = /dev/nqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close 578 5 = /dev/nqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close 579 6 = /dev/nqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close 580 7 = /dev/nqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close 581 16 = /dev/zqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression 582 17 = /dev/zqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression 583 18 = /dev/zqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression 584 19 = /dev/zqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression 585 20 = /dev/nzqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression 586 21 = /dev/nzqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression 587 22 = /dev/nzqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression 588 23 = /dev/nzqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression 589 32 = /dev/rawqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks 590 33 = /dev/rawqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks 591 34 = /dev/rawqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks 592 35 = /dev/rawqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks 593 36 = /dev/nrawqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks 594 37 = /dev/nrawqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks 595 38 = /dev/nrawqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks 596 39 = /dev/nrawqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks 597 block Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 598 0 = /dev/sbpcd8 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0 599 1 = /dev/sbpcd9 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1 600 2 = /dev/sbpcd10 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2 601 3 = /dev/sbpcd11 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3 602 603 28 char Stallion serial card - card programming 604 0 = /dev/staliomem0 First Stallion card I/O memory 605 1 = /dev/staliomem1 Second Stallion card I/O memory 606 2 = /dev/staliomem2 Third Stallion card I/O memory 607 3 = /dev/staliomem3 Fourth Stallion card I/O memory 608 char Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari) 609 0 = /dev/slm0 First SLM laser printer 610 1 = /dev/slm1 Second SLM laser printer 611 ... 612 block Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM 613 0 = /dev/sbpcd12 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0 614 1 = /dev/sbpcd13 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1 615 2 = /dev/sbpcd14 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2 616 3 = /dev/sbpcd15 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3 617 block ACSI disk (68k/Atari) 618 0 = /dev/ada First ACSI disk whole disk 619 16 = /dev/adb Second ACSI disk whole disk 620 32 = /dev/adc Third ACSI disk whole disk 621 ... 622 240 = /dev/adp 16th ACSI disk whole disk 623 624 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 625 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 626 partitions is 15, like SCSI. 627 628 29 char Universal frame buffer 629 0 = /dev/fb0 First frame buffer 630 32 = /dev/fb1 Second frame buffer 631 ... 632 224 = /dev/fb7 Eighth frame buffer 633 634 All additional minor numbers are reserved. 635 636 block Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM 637 0 = /dev/aztcd Aztech CD-ROM 638 639 30 char iBCS-2 compatibility devices 640 0 = /dev/socksys Socket access 641 1 = /dev/spx SVR3 local X interface 642 2 = /dev/inet/arp Network access 643 2 = /dev/inet/icmp Network access 644 2 = /dev/inet/ip Network access 645 2 = /dev/inet/udp Network access 646 2 = /dev/inet/tcp Network access 647 648 Additionally, iBCS-2 requires /dev/nfsd to be a link 649 to /dev/socksys, and /dev/X0R to be a link to 650 /dev/null. 651 652 block Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM 653 0 = /dev/cm205cd Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM 654 655 /dev/lmscd is an older name for this device. This 656 driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM. 657 658 31 char MPU-401 MIDI 659 0 = /dev/mpu401data MPU-401 data port 660 1 = /dev/mpu401stat MPU-401 status port 661 block ROM/flash memory card 662 0 = /dev/rom0 First ROM card (rw) 663 ... 664 7 = /dev/rom7 Eighth ROM card (rw) 665 8 = /dev/rrom0 First ROM card (ro) 666 ... 667 15 = /dev/rrom7 Eighth ROM card (ro) 668 16 = /dev/flash0 First flash memory card (rw) 669 ... 670 23 = /dev/flash7 Eighth flash memory card (rw) 671 24 = /dev/rflash0 First flash memory card (ro) 672 ... 673 31 = /dev/rflash7 Eighth flash memory card (ro) 674 675 The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching 676 written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM 677 devices. The read-only devices (ro) support reading 678 only. 679 680 32 char Specialix serial card 681 0 = /dev/ttyX0 First Specialix port 682 1 = /dev/ttyX1 Second Specialix port 683 ... 684 block Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM 685 0 = /dev/cm206cd Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM 686 687 33 char Specialix serial card - alternate devices 688 0 = /dev/cux0 Callout device for ttyX0 689 1 = /dev/cux1 Callout device for ttyX1 690 ... 691 block Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 692 0 = /dev/hde Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 693 64 = /dev/hdf Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 694 695 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first 696 interface (see major number 3). 697 698 34 char Z8530 HDLC driver 699 0 = /dev/scc0 First Z8530, first port 700 1 = /dev/scc1 First Z8530, second port 701 2 = /dev/scc2 Second Z8530, first port 702 3 = /dev/scc3 Second Z8530, second port 703 ... 704 705 In a previous version these devices were named 706 /dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so 707 on. 708 709 block Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 710 0 = /dev/hdg Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 711 64 = /dev/hdh Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 712 713 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first 714 interface (see major number 3). 715 716 35 char tclmidi MIDI driver 717 0 = /dev/midi0 First MIDI port, kernel timed 718 1 = /dev/midi1 Second MIDI port, kernel timed 719 2 = /dev/midi2 Third MIDI port, kernel timed 720 3 = /dev/midi3 Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed 721 64 = /dev/rmidi0 First MIDI port, untimed 722 65 = /dev/rmidi1 Second MIDI port, untimed 723 66 = /dev/rmidi2 Third MIDI port, untimed 724 67 = /dev/rmidi3 Fourth MIDI port, untimed 725 128 = /dev/smpte0 First MIDI port, SMPTE timed 726 129 = /dev/smpte1 Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed 727 130 = /dev/smpte2 Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed 728 131 = /dev/smpte3 Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed 729 block Slow memory ramdisk 730 0 = /dev/slram Slow memory ramdisk 731 732 36 char Netlink support 733 0 = /dev/route Routing, device updates, kernel to user 734 1 = /dev/skip enSKIP security cache control 735 3 = /dec/fwmonitor Firewall packet copies 736 16 = /dev/tap0 First Ethertap device 737 ... 738 31 = /dev/tap15 16th Ethertap device 739 block MCA ESDI hard disk 740 0 = /dev/eda First ESDI disk whole disk 741 64 = /dev/edb Second ESDI disk whole disk 742 ... 743 744 Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks 745 (see major number 3). 746 747 37 char IDE tape 748 0 = /dev/ht0 First IDE tape 749 1 = /dev/ht1 Second IDE tape 750 ... 751 128 = /dev/nht0 First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close 752 129 = /dev/nht1 Second IDE tape, no rewind-on-close 753 ... 754 755 Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported. 756 757 block Zorro II ramdisk 758 0 = /dev/z2ram Zorro II ramdisk 759 760 38 char Myricom PCI Myrinet board 761 0 = /dev/mlanai0 First Myrinet board 762 1 = /dev/mlanai1 Second Myrinet board 763 ... 764 765 This device is used for status query, board control 766 and "user level packet I/O." This board is also 767 accessible as a standard networking "eth" device. 768 769 block Reserved for Linux/AP+ 770 771 39 char ML-16P experimental I/O board 772 0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0 First card, first analog channel 773 1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1 First card, second analog channel 774 ... 775 15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15 First card, 16th analog channel 776 16 = /dev/ml16pa-d First card, digital lines 777 17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0 First card, first counter/timer 778 18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1 First card, second counter/timer 779 19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2 First card, third counter/timer 780 32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0 Second card, first analog channel 781 33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1 Second card, second analog channel 782 ... 783 47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15 Second card, 16th analog channel 784 48 = /dev/ml16pb-d Second card, digital lines 785 49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0 Second card, first counter/timer 786 50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1 Second card, second counter/timer 787 51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2 Second card, third counter/timer 788 ... 789 block Reserved for Linux/AP+ 790 791 40 char Matrox Meteor frame grabber {2.6} 792 0 = /dev/mmetfgrab Matrox Meteor frame grabber 793 block Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive 794 0 = /dev/eza Parallel EZ135 drive, whole disk 795 796 This device is obsolete and will be removed in a 797 future version of Linux. It has been replaced with 798 the parallel port IDE disk driver at major number 45. 799 Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks 800 (see major number 3). 801 802 41 char Yet Another Micro Monitor 803 0 = /dev/yamm Yet Another Micro Monitor 804 block MicroSolutions BackPack parallel port CD-ROM 805 0 = /dev/bpcd BackPack CD-ROM 806 807 This device is obsolete and will be removed in a 808 future version of Linux. It has been replaced with 809 the parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM driver at major number 46. 810 811 42 Demo/sample use 812 813 This number is intended for use in sample code, as 814 well as a general "example" device number. It 815 should never be used for a device driver that is being 816 distributed; either obtain an official number or use 817 the local/experimental range. The sudden addition or 818 removal of a driver with this number should not cause 819 ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.) 820 821 IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS A 822 DEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT. 823 824 43 char isdn4linux virtual modem 825 0 = /dev/ttyI0 First virtual modem 826 ... 827 63 = /dev/ttyI63 64th virtual modem 828 block Network block devices 829 0 = /dev/nb0 First network block device 830 1 = /dev/nb1 Second network block device 831 ... 832 833 Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopback 834 devices: If you read from it, it sends packet accross 835 network asking server for data. If you write to it, it 836 sends packet telling server to write. It could be used 837 to mounting filesystems over the net, swapping over 838 the net, implementing block device in userland etc. 839 840 44 char isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices 841 0 = /dev/cui0 Callout device for ttyI0 842 ... 843 63 = /dev/cui63 Callout device for ttyI63 844 block Flash Translatio Layer (FTL) filesystems 845 0 = /dev/ftla FTL on first Memory Technology Device 846 16 = /dev/ftlb FTL on second Memory Technology Device 847 32 = /dev/ftlc FTL on third Memory Technology Device 848 ... 849 240 = /dev/ftlp FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device 850 851 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 852 disks (see major number 3) expect that the partition 853 limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.) 854 855 45 char isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver 856 0 = /dev/isdn0 First virtual B channel raw data 857 ... 858 63 = /dev/isdn63 64th virtual B channel raw data 859 64 = /dev/isdnctrl0 First channel control/debug 860 ... 861 127 = /dev/isdnctrl63 64th channel control/debug 862 863 128 = /dev/ippp0 First SyncPPP device 864 ... 865 191 = /dev/ippp63 64th SyncPPP device 866 867 255 = /dev/isdninfo ISDN monitor interface 868 block Parallel port IDE disk devices 869 0 = /dev/pda First parallel port IDE disk 870 16 = /dev/pdb Second parallel port IDE disk 871 32 = /dev/pdc Third parallel port IDE disk 872 48 = /dev/pdd Fourth parallel port IDE disk 873 874 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 875 disks (see major number 3) except that the partition 876 limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk. 877 878 46 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card 879 0 = /dev/ttyR0 First Rocketport port 880 1 = /dev/ttyR1 Second Rocketport port 881 ... 882 block Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices 883 0 = /dev/pcd0 First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM 884 1 = /dev/pcd1 Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM 885 2 = /dev/pcd2 Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM 886 3 = /dev/pcd3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM 887 888 47 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices 889 0 = /dev/cur0 Callout device for ttyR0 890 1 = /dev/cur1 Callout device for ttyR1 891 ... 892 block Parallel port ATAPI disk devices 893 0 = /dev/pf0 First parallel port ATAPI disk 894 1 = /dev/pf1 Second parallel port ATAPI disk 895 2 = /dev/pf2 Third parallel port ATAPI disk 896 3 = /dev/pf3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI disk 897 898 This driver is intended for floppy disks and similar 899 devices and hence does not support partitioning. 900 901 48 char SDL RISCom serial card 902 0 = /dev/ttyL0 First RISCom port 903 1 = /dev/ttyL1 Second RISCom port 904 ... 905 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller 906 907 49 char SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices 908 0 = /dev/cul0 Callout device for ttyL0 909 1 = /dev/cul1 Callout device for ttyL1 910 ... 911 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller 912 913 50 char Reserved for GLINT 914 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller 915 916 51 char Baycom radio modem 917 0 = /dev/bc0 First Baycom radio modem 918 1 = /dev/bc1 Second Baycom radio modem 919 ... 920 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller 921 922 52 char Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card 923 0 = /dev/dcbri0 First DataComm card 924 1 = /dev/dcbri1 Second DataComm card 925 2 = /dev/dcbri2 Third DataComm card 926 3 = /dev/dcbri3 Fourth DataComm card 927 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller 928 929 53 char BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers 930 0 = /dev/pd_bdm0 PD BDM interface on lp0 931 1 = /dev/pd_bdm1 PD BDM interface on lp1 932 2 = /dev/pd_bdm2 PD BDM interface on lp2 933 4 = /dev/icd_bdm0 ICD BDM interface on lp0 934 5 = /dev/icd_bdm1 ICD BDM interface on lp1 935 6 = /dev/icd_bdm2 ICD BDM interface on lp2 936 937 This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx 938 microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a 939 Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public 940 Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface 941 by P&E. 942 943 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller 944 945 54 char Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card 946 0 = /dev/holter0 First Holter port 947 1 = /dev/holter1 Second Holter port 948 2 = /dev/holter2 Third Holter port 949 950 A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL 951 <mseritan@ottonel.pub.ro> to transfer data from Holter 952 24-hour heart monitoring equipment. 953 954 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller 955 956 55 char DSP56001 digital signal processor 957 0 = /dev/dsp56k First DSP56001 958 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller 959 960 56 char Apple Desktop Bus 961 0 = /dev/adb ADB bus control 962 963 Additional devices will be added to this number, all 964 starting with /dev/adb. 965 966 block Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 967 0 = /dev/hdi Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 968 64 = /dev/hdj Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 969 970 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first 971 interface (see major number 3). 972 973 57 char Hayes ESP serial card 974 0 = /dev/ttyP0 First ESP port 975 1 = /dev/ttyP1 Second ESP port 976 ... 977 978 block Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 979 0 = /dev/hdk Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 980 64 = /dev/hdl Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 981 982 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first 983 interface (see major number 3). 984 985 58 char Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices 986 0 = /dev/cup0 Callout device for ttyP0 987 1 = /dev/cup1 Callout device for ttyP1 988 ... 989 block Reserved for logical volume manager 990 991 59 char sf firewall package 992 0 = /dev/firewall Communication with sf kernel module 993 994 block Generic PDA filesystem device 995 0 = /dev/pda0 First PDA device 996 1 = /dev/pda1 Second PDA device 997 ... 998 999 The pda devices are used to mount filesystems on 1000 remote pda's (basically slow handheld machines with
1001 proprietary OS's and limited memory and storage 1002 running small fs translation drivers) through serial / 1003 IRDA / parallel links. 1004 1005 60-63 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE 1006 Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not 1007 assigned official numbers, these ranges should be 1008 used, in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments. 1009 1010 64 char ENskip kernel encryption package 1011 0 = /dev/enskip Communication with ENskip kernel module 1012 1013 65 char Sundance "plink" Transputer boards 1014 0 = /dev/plink0 First plink device 1015 1 = /dev/plink1 Second plink device 1016 2 = /dev/plink2 Third plink device 1017 3 = /dev/plink3 Fourth plink device 1018 64 = /dev/rplink0 First plink device, raw 1019 65 = /dev/rplink1 Second plink device, raw 1020 66 = /dev/rplink2 Third plink device, raw 1021 67 = /dev/rplink3 Fourth plink device, raw 1022 128 = /dev/plink0d First plink device, debug 1023 129 = /dev/plink1d Second plink device, debug 1024 130 = /dev/plink2d Third plink device, debug 1025 131 = /dev/plink3d Fourth plink device, debug 1026 192 = /dev/rplink0d First plink device, raw, debug 1027 193 = /dev/rplink1d Second plink device, raw, debug 1028 194 = /dev/rplink2d Third plink device, raw, debug 1029 195 = /dev/rplink3d Fourth plink device, raw, debug 1030 1031 This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes 1032 <jth@prosig.demon.co.uk> for information. 1033 1034 block SCSI disk devices (16-31) 1035 0 = /dev/sdq 16th SCSI disk whole disk 1036 16 = /dev/sdr 17th SCSI disk whole disk 1037 32 = /dev/sds 18th SCSI disk whole disk 1038 ... 1039 240 = /dev/sdaf 32nd SCSI disk whole disk 1040 1041 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1042 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1043 partitions is 15. 1044 1045 66 char YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card 1046 0 = /dev/yppcpci0 First YARC card 1047 1 = /dev/yppcpci1 Second YARC card 1048 ... 1049 1050 block SCSI disk devices (32-47) 1051 0 = /dev/sdag 33th SCSI disk whole disk 1052 16 = /dev/sdah 34th SCSI disk whole disk 1053 32 = /dev/sdai 35th SCSI disk whole disk 1054 ... 1055 240 = /dev/sdav 48nd SCSI disk whole disk 1056 1057 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1058 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1059 partitions is 15. 1060 1061 67 char Coda network file system 1062 0 = /dev/cfs0 Coda cache manager 1063 1064 See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda. 1065 1066 block SCSI disk devices (48-63) 1067 0 = /dev/sdaw 49th SCSI disk whole disk 1068 16 = /dev/sdax 50th SCSI disk whole disk 1069 32 = /dev/sday 51st SCSI disk whole disk 1070 ... 1071 240 = /dev/sdbl 64th SCSI disk whole disk 1072 1073 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1074 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1075 partitions is 15. 1076 1077 68 char CAPI 2.0 interface 1078 0 = /dev/capi20 Control device 1079 1 = /dev/capi20.00 First CAPI 2.0 application 1080 2 = /dev/capi20.01 Second CAPI 2.0 application 1081 ... 1082 20 = /dev/capi20.19 19th CAPI 2.0 application 1083 1084 ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0 1085 applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card. 1086 1087 block SCSI disk devices (64-79) 1088 0 = /dev/sdbm 64th SCSI disk whole disk 1089 16 = /dev/sdbn 65th SCSI disk whole disk 1090 32 = /dev/sdbo 66th SCSI disk whole disk 1091 ... 1092 240 = /dev/sdcb 80th SCSI disk whole disk 1093 1094 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1095 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1096 partitions is 15. 1097 1098 69 char MA16 numeric accelerator card 1099 0 = /dev/ma16 Board memory access 1100 1101 block SCSI disk devices (80-95) 1102 0 = /dev/sdcc 81st SCSI disk whole disk 1103 16 = /dev/sdcd 82nd SCSI disk whole disk 1104 32 = /dev/sdce 83th SCSI disk whole disk 1105 ... 1106 240 = /dev/sdcr 96th SCSI disk whole disk 1107 1108 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1109 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1110 partitions is 15. 1111 1112 70 char SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface 1113 0 = /dev/apscfg Configuration interface 1114 1 = /dev/apsauth Authentication interface 1115 2 = /dev/apslog Logging interface 1116 3 = /dev/apsdbg Debugging interface 1117 64 = /dev/apsisdn ISDN command interface 1118 65 = /dev/apsasync Async command interface 1119 128 = /dev/apsmon Monitor interface 1120 1121 block SCSI disk devices (96-111) 1122 0 = /dev/sdcs 97th SCSI disk whole disk 1123 16 = /dev/sdct 98th SCSI disk whole disk 1124 32 = /dev/sdcu 99th SCSI disk whole disk 1125 ... 1126 240 = /dev/sddh 112nd SCSI disk whole disk 1127 1128 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1129 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1130 partitions is 15. 1131 1132 71 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card 1133 0 = /dev/ttyF0 IntelliPort II board 0, port 0 1134 1 = /dev/ttyF1 IntelliPort II board 0, port 1 1135 ... 1136 63 = /dev/ttyF63 IntelliPort II board 0, port 63 1137 64 = /dev/ttyF64 IntelliPort II board 1, port 0 1138 65 = /dev/ttyF65 IntelliPort II board 1, port 1 1139 ... 1140 127 = /dev/ttyF127 IntelliPort II board 1, port 63 1141 128 = /dev/ttyF128 IntelliPort II board 2, port 0 1142 129 = /dev/ttyF129 IntelliPort II board 2, port 1 1143 ... 1144 191 = /dev/ttyF191 IntelliPort II board 2, port 63 1145 192 = /dev/ttyF192 IntelliPort II board 3, port 0 1146 193 = /dev/ttyF193 IntelliPort II board 3, port 1 1147 ... 1148 255 = /dev/ttyF255 IntelliPort II board 3, port 63 1149 1150 block SCSI disk devices (112-127) 1151 0 = /dev/sddi 113th SCSI disk whole disk 1152 16 = /dev/sddj 114th SCSI disk whole disk 1153 32 = /dev/sddk 115th SCSI disk whole disk 1154 ... 1155 240 = /dev/sddx 128th SCSI disk whole disk 1156 1157 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1158 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1159 partitions is 15. 1160 1161 72 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices 1162 0 = /dev/cuf0 Callout device for ttyF0 1163 1 = /dev/cuf1 Callout device for ttyF1 1164 ... 1165 63 = /dev/cuf63 Callout device for ttyF63 1166 64 = /dev/cuf64 Callout device for ttyF64 1167 65 = /dev/cuf65 Callout device for ttyF65 1168 ... 1169 127 = /dev/cuf127 Callout device for ttyF127 1170 128 = /dev/cuf128 Callout device for ttyF128 1171 129 = /dev/cuf129 Callout device for ttyF129 1172 ... 1173 191 = /dev/cuf191 Callout device for ttyF191 1174 192 = /dev/cuf192 Callout device for ttyF192 1175 193 = /dev/cuf193 Callout device for ttyF193 1176 ... 1177 255 = /dev/cuf255 Callout device for ttyF255 1178 1179 73 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices 1180 0 = /dev/ip2ipl0 Loadware device for board 0 1181 1 = /dev/ip2stat0 Status device for board 0 1182 4 = /dev/ip2ipl1 Loadware device for board 1 1183 5 = /dev/ip2stat1 Status device for board 1 1184 8 = /dev/ip2ipl2 Loadware device for board 2 1185 9 = /dev/ip2stat2 Status device for board 2 1186 12 = /dev/ip2ipl3 Loadware device for board 3 1187 13 = /dev/ip2stat3 Status device for board 3 1188 1189 74 char SCI bridge 1190 0 = /dev/SCI/0 SCI device 0 1191 1 = /dev/SCI/1 SCI device 1 1192 ... 1193 1194 Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCI 1195 bridge. 1196 1197 75 char Specialix IO8+ serial card 1198 0 = /dev/ttyW0 First IO8+ port, first card 1199 1 = /dev/ttyW1 Second IO8+ port, first card 1200 ... 1201 8 = /dev/ttyW8 First IO8+ port, second card 1202 ... 1203 1204 76 char Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices 1205 0 = /dev/cuw0 Callout device for ttyW0 1206 1 = /dev/cuw1 Callout device for ttyW1 1207 ... 1208 8 = /dev/cuw8 Callout device for ttyW8 1209 ... 1210 1211 77 char ComScire Quantum Noise Generator 1212 0 = /dev/qng ComScire Quantum Noise Generator 1213 1214 78 char PAM Software's multimodem boards 1215 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First PAM modem 1216 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second PAM modem 1217 ... 1218 1219 79 char PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices 1220 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0 1221 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1 1222 ... 1223 1224 80 char Photometrics AT200 CCD camera 1225 0 = /dev/at200 Photometrics AT200 CCD camera 1226 1227 block I2O hard disk 1228 0 = /dev/i2o/hda First I2O hard disk, whole disk 1229 16 = /dev/i2o/hdb Second I2O hard disk, whole disk 1230 ... 1231 240 = /dev/i2o/hdp 16th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1232 1233 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1234 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1235 partitions is 15. 1236 1237 81 char video4linux 1238 0 = /dev/video0 Video capture/overlay device 1239 ... 1240 63 = /dev/video63 Video capture/overlay device 1241 64 = /dev/radio0 Radio device 1242 ... 1243 127 = /dev/radio63 Radio device 1244 192 = /dev/vtx0 Teletext device 1245 ... 1246 223 = /dev/vtx31 Teletext device 1247 224 = /dev/vbi0 Vertical blank interrupt 1248 ... 1249 255 = /dev/vbi31 Vertical blank interrupt 1250 1251 block I2O hard disk 1252 0 = /dev/i2o/hdq 17th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1253 16 = /dev/i2o/hdr 18th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1254 ... 1255 240 = /dev/i2o/hdaf 32nd I2O hard disk, whole disk 1256 1257 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1258 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1259 partitions is 15. 1260 1261 82 char WiNRADiO communications receiver card 1262 0 = /dev/winradio0 First WiNRADiO card 1263 1 = /dev/winradio1 Second WiNRADiO card 1264 ... 1265 1266 The driver and documentation may be obtained from 1267 http://www.proximity.com.au/~brian/winradio/ 1268 1269 block I2O hard disk 1270 0 = /dev/i2o/hdag 33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk 1271 16 = /dev/i2o/hdah 34th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1272 ... 1273 240 = /dev/i2o/hdav 48th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1274 1275 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1276 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1277 partitions is 15. 1278 1279 83 char Teletext/videotext interfaces {2.6} 1280 0 = /dev/vtx Teletext decoder 1281 16 = /dev/vttuner TV tuner on teletext interface 1282 1283 Devices for the driver contained in the VideoteXt package. 1284 More information on http://home.pages.de/~videotext/ 1285 1286 block I2O hard disk 1287 0 = /dev/i2o/hdaw 49th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1288 16 = /dev/i2o/hdax 50th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1289 ... 1290 240 = /dev/i2o/hdbl 64th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1291 1292 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1293 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1294 partitions is 15. 1295 1296 84 char Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface 1297 0 = /dev/ihcp0 First Greensheet port 1298 1 = /dev/ihcp1 Second Greensheet port 1299 1300 block I2O hard disk 1301 0 = /dev/i2o/hdbm 65th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1302 16 = /dev/i2o/hdbn 66th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1303 ... 1304 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcb 80th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1305 1306 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1307 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1308 partitions is 15. 1309 1310 85 char Linux/SGI shared memory input queue 1311 0 = /dev/shmiq Master shared input queue 1312 1 = /dev/qcntl0 First device pushed 1313 2 = /dev/qcntl1 Second device pushed 1314 ... 1315 1316 block I2O hard disk 1317 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcc 81st I2O hard disk, whole disk 1318 16 = /dev/i2o/hdcd 82nd I2O hard disk, whole disk 1319 ... 1320 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcr 96th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1321 1322 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1323 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1324 partitions is 15. 1325 1326 86 char SCSI media changer 1327 0 = /dev/sch0 First SCSI media changer 1328 1 = /dev/sch1 Second SCSI media changer 1329 ... 1330 1331 block I2O hard disk 1332 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcs 97th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1333 16 = /dev/i2o/hdct 98th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1334 ... 1335 240 = /dev/i2o/hddh 112th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1336 1337 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1338 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1339 partitions is 15. 1340 1341 87 char Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus 1342 0 = /dev/controla0 First device on chain 1343 1 = /dev/controla1 Second device on chain 1344 ... 1345 1346 block I2O hard disk 1347 0 = /dev/i2o/hddi 113rd I2O hard disk, whole disk 1348 16 = /dev/i2o/hddj 114th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1349 ... 1350 240 = /dev/i2o/hddx 128th I2O hard disk, whole disk 1351 1352 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1353 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1354 partitions is 15. 1355 1356 88 char COMX synchronous serial card 1357 0 = /dev/comx0 COMX channel 0 1358 1 = /dev/comx1 COMX channel 1 1359 ... 1360 1361 block Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 1362 0 = /dev/hdm Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 1363 64 = /dev/hdn Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 1364 1365 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first 1366 interface (see major number 3). 1367 1368 1369 89 char I2C bus interface 1370 0 = /dev/i2c-0 First I2C adapter 1371 1 = /dev/i2c-1 Second I2C adapter 1372 ... 1373 1374 block Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 1375 0 = /dev/hdo Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 1376 64 = /dev/hdp Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 1377 1378 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first 1379 interface (see major number 3). 1380 1381 90 char Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash) 1382 0 = /dev/mtd0 First MTD (rw) 1383 1 = /dev/mtdr0 First MTD (ro) 1384 ... 1385 30 = /dev/mtd15 16th MTD (rw) 1386 31 = /dev/mtdr15 16th MTD (ro) 1387 1388 block Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 1389 0 = /dev/hdq Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 1390 64 = /dev/hdr Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 1391 1392 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first 1393 interface (see major number 3). 1394 1395 91 char CAN-Bus devices 1396 0 = /dev/can0 First CAN-Bus controller 1397 1 = /dev/can1 Second CAN-Bus controller 1398 ... 1399 1400 block Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface 1401 0 = /dev/hds Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 1402 64 = /dev/hdt Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM) 1403 1404 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first 1405 interface (see major number 3). 1406 1407 92 char Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN card 1408 1409 block PPDD encrypted disk driver 1410 0 = /dev/ppdd0 First encrypted disk 1411 1 = /dev/ppdd1 Second encrypted disk 1412 ... 1413 1414 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE 1415 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on 1416 partitions is 15. 1417 1418 93 char IBM Smart Capture Card frame grabber {2.6} 1419 0 = /dev/iscc0 First Smart Capture Card 1420 1 = /dev/iscc1 Second Smart Capture Card 1421 ... 1422 128 = /dev/isccctl0 First Smart Capture Card control 1423 129 = /dev/isccctl1 Second Smart Capture Card control 1424 ... 1425 1426 block NAND Flash Translation Layer filesystem 1427 0 = /dev/nftla First NFTL layer 1428 16 = /dev/nftlb Second NFTL layer 1429 ... 1430 240 = /dev/nftlp 16th NTFL layer 1431 1432 94 char miroVIDEO DC10/30 capture/playback device {2.6} 1433 0 = /dev/dcxx0 First capture card 1434 1 = /dev/dcxx1 Second capture card 1435 ... 1436 1437 95 char IP filter 1438 0 = /dev/ipl Filter control device/log file 1439 1 = /dev/ipnat NAT control device/log file 1440 2 = /dev/ipstate State information log file 1441 3 = /dev/ipauth Authentication control device/log file 1442 1443 block IBM S/390 DASD block storage 1444 0 = /dev/dasd0 First DASD device, major 1445 1 = /dev/dasd0a First DASD device, block 1 1446 2 = /dev/dasd0b First DASD device, block 2 1447 3 = /dev/dasd0c First DASD device, block 3 1448 4 = /dev/dasd1 Second DASD device, major 1449 5 = /dev/dasd1a Second DASD device, block 1 1450 6 = /dev/dasd1b Second DASD device, block 2 1451 7 = /dev/dasd1c Second DASD device, block 3 1452 ... 1453 1454 96 char Parallel port ATAPI tape devices 1455 0 = /dev/pt0 First parallel port ATAPI tape 1456 1 = /dev/pt1 Second parallel port ATAPI tape 1457 ... 1458 128 = /dev/npt0 First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind 1459 129 = /dev/npt1 Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind 1460 ... 1461 1462 block IBM S/390 VM/ESA minidisk 1463 0 = /dev/msd0 First VM/ESA minidisk 1464 1 = /dev/msd1 Second VM/ESA minidisk 1465 ... 1466 1467 97 char Parallel port generic ATAPI interface 1468 0 = /dev/pg0 First parallel port ATAPI device 1469 1 = /dev/pg1 Second parallel port ATAPI device 1470 2 = /dev/pg2 Third parallel port ATAPI device 1471 3 = /dev/pg3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI device 1472 1473 These devices support the same API as the generic SCSI 1474 devices. 1475 1476 block Packet writing for CD/DVD devices 1477 0 = /dev/pktcdvd0 First packet-writing module 1478 1 = /dev/pktcdvd1 Second packet-writing module 1479 ... 1480 1481 98 char Control and Measurement Device (comedi) 1482 0 = /dev/comedi0 First comedi device 1483 1 = /dev/comedi1 Second comedi device 1484 ... 1485 1486 See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi or http://www.llp.fu-berlin.de/. 1487 1488 block User-mode virtual block device 1489 0 = /dev/ubd0 First user-mode block device 1490 1 = /dev/ubd1 Second user-mode block device 1491 ... 1492 1493 This device is used by the user-mode virtual kernel port. 1494 1495 99 char Raw parallel ports 1496 0 = /dev/parport0 First parallel port 1497 1 = /dev/parport1 Second parallel port 1498 ... 1499 1500100 char POTS (analogue telephone) A/B port {2.6} 1501 0 = /dev/phone0 First telephone port 1502 1 = /dev/phone1 Second telephone port 1503 ... 1504 1505 The names have been reallocated to Telephony For 1506 Linux, major 159. All use of major 100 should be 1507 considered legacy and deprecated. 1508 1509101 char Motorola DSP 56xxx board 1510 0 = /dev/mdspstat Status information 1511 1 = /dev/mdsp1 First DSP board I/O controls 1512 ... 1513 16 = /dev/mdsp16 16th DSP board I/O controls 1514 1515102 char Philips SAA5249 Teletext signal decoder {2.6} 1516 0 = /dev/tlk0 First Teletext decoder 1517 1 = /dev/tlk1 Second Teletext decoder 1518 2 = /dev/tlk2 Third Teletext decoder 1519 3 = /dev/tlk3 Fourth Teletext decoder 1520 1521103 char Arla network file system 1522 0 = /dev/xfs0 Arla XFS 1523 1524 Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS. 1525 Any resemblance with the Swedish milk producer is 1526 coincidental. For more information about the project, 1527 write to <arla-drinkers@stacken.kth.se> or subscribe 1528 to the arla announce mailing list by sending a mail to 1529 <arla-announce-request@stacken.kth.se>. 1530 1531104 char Flash BIOS support 1532 1533105 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller 1534 0 = /dev/ttyV0 First VS-1000 port 1535 1 = /dev/ttyV1 Second VS-1000 port 1536 ... 1537 1538106 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices 1539 0 = /dev/cuv0 First VS-1000 port 1540 1 = /dev/cuv1 Second VS-1000 port 1541 ... 1542 1543107 char 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device 1544 0 = /dev/3dfx Primary 3Dfx graphics device 1545 1546108 char Device independent PPP interface 1547 0 = /dev/ppp Device independent PPP interface 1548 1549109 char Reserved for logical volume manager 1550 1551110 char miroMEDIA Surround board 1552 0 = /dev/srnd0 First miroMEDIA Surround board 1553 1 = /dev/srnd1 Second miroMEDIA Surround board 1554 ... 1555 1556111 char Philips SAA7146-based audio/video card {2.6} 1557 0 = /dev/av0 First A/V card 1558 1 = /dev/av1 Second A/V card 1559 ... 1560 1561112 char ISI serial card 1562 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First ISI port 1563 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second ISI port 1564 ... 1565 1566 There is currently a device-naming conflict between 1567 these and PAM multimodems (major 78). 1568 1569113 char ISI serial card - alternate devices 1570 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0 1571 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1 1572 ... 1573 1574114 char Picture Elements ISE board 1575 0 = /dev/ise0 First ISE board 1576 1 = /dev/ise1 Second ISE board 1577 ... 1578 128 = /dev/isex0 Control node for first ISE board 1579 129 = /dev/isex1 Control node for second ISE board 1580 ... 1581 1582 The ISE board is an embedded computer, optimized for 1583 image processing. The /dev/iseN nodes are the general 1584 I/O access to the board, the /dev/isex0 nodes command 1585 nodes used to control the board. 1586 1587115 char Console driver speaker 1588 0 = /dev/speaker Speaker device file 1589 1590 Plays music using IBM BASIC style strings. 1591 1592116 char Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA) 1593 1594117 char COSA/SRP synchronous serial card 1595 0 = /dev/cosa0c0 1st board, 1st channel 1596 1 = /dev/cosa0c1 1st board, 2nd channel 1597 ... 1598 16 = /dev/cosa1c0 2nd board, 1st channel 1599 17 = /dev/cosa1c1 2nd board, 2nd channel 1600 ... 1601 1602118 char Solidum ??? 1603 0 = /dev/solnp0 1604 1 = /dev/solnp1 1605 ... 1606 128 = /dev/solnpctl0 1607 129 = /dev/solnpctl1 1608 ... 1609 1610119 char VMware virtual network control 1611 0 = /dev/vnet0 1st virtual network 1612 1 = /dev/vnet1 2nd virtual network 1613 ... 1614 1615120-127 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE 1616 1617128-135 char Unix98 PTY masters 1618 1619 These devices should not have corresponding device 1620 nodes; instead they should be accessed through the 1621 /dev/ptmx cloning interface. 1622 1623136-143 char Unix98 PTY slaves 1624 0 = /dev/pts/0 First Unix98 pseudo-TTY 1625 1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pesudo-TTY 1626 ... 1627 1628 These device nodes are automatically generated with 1629 the proper permissions and modes by mounting the 1630 devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate 1631 mount options (distribution dependent, however, on 1632 *most* distributions the appropriate options are 1633 "mode=0620,gid=<gid of the "tty" group>".) 1634 1635144 char Encapsulated PPP 1636 0 = /dev/pppox0 First PPP over Ethernet 1637 ... 1638 63 = /dev/pppox63 64th PPP over Ethernet 1639 1640 This is primarily used for ADSL. 1641 1642 The SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface driver has been 1643 relocated to major 183 due to an unfortunate conflict. 1644 1645145 char SAM9407-based soundcard 1646 0 = /dev/sam0_mixer 1647 1 = /dev/sam0_sequencer 1648 2 = /dev/sam0_midi00 1649 3 = /dev/sam0_dsp 1650 4 = /dev/sam0_audio 1651 6 = /dev/sam0_sndstat 1652 18 = /dev/sam0_midi01 1653 34 = /dev/sam0_midi02 1654 50 = /dev/sam0_midi03 1655 64 = /dev/sam1_mixer 1656 ... 1657 128 = /dev/sam2_mixer 1658 ... 1659 192 = /dev/sam3_mixer 1660 ... 1661 1662 Device functions match OSS, but offer a number of 1663 addons, which are sam9407 specific. OSS can be 1664 operated simultaneously, taking care of the codec. 1665 1666146 char SYSTRAM SCRAMNet mirrored-memory network 1667 0 = /dev/scramnet0 First SCRAMNet device 1668 1 = /dev/scramnet1 Second SCRAMNet device 1669 ... 1670 1671147 char Aueral Semiconductor Vortex Audio device 1672 0 = /dev/aureal0 First Aureal Vortex 1673 1 = /dev/aureal1 Second Aureal Vortex 1674 ... 1675 1676148 char Technology Concepts serial card 1677 0 = /dev/ttyT0 First TCL port 1678 1 = /dev/ttyT1 Second TCL port 1679 ... 1680 1681149 char Technology Concepts serial card - alternate devices 1682 0 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT0 1683 1 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT1 1684 ... 1685 1686150 char Real-Time Linux FIFOs 1687 0 = /dev/rtf0 First RTLinux FIFO 1688 1 = /dev/rtf1 Second RTLinux FIFO 1689 ... 1690 1691151 char DPT I2O SmartRaid V controller 1692 0 = /dev/dpti0 First DPT I2O adapter 1693 1 = /dev/dpti1 Second DPT I2O adapter 1694 ... 1695 1696154 char Specialix RIO serial card 1697 0 = /dev/ttySR0 First RIO port 1698 ... 1699 255 = /dev/ttySR255 256th RIO port 1700 1701155 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices 1702 0 = /dev/cusr0 Callout device for ttySR0 1703 ... 1704 255 = /dev/cusr255 Callout device for ttySR255 1705 1706156 char Specialix RIO serial card 1707 0 = /dev/ttySR256 257th RIO port 1708 ... 1709 255 = /dev/ttySR511 512th RIO port 1710 1711157 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices 1712 0 = /dev/cusr256 Callout device for ttySR256 1713 ... 1714 255 = /dev/cusr511 Callout device for ttySR511 1715 1716158 char Dialogic GammaLink fax driver 1717 0 = /dev/gfax0 GammaLink channel 0 1718 1 = /dev/gfax1 GammaLink channel 1 1719 ... 1720 1721159 char Telephony for Linux 1722 0 = /dev/phone0 First telephony device 1723 1 = /dev/phone1 Second telephony device 1724 ... 1725 1726160 char General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB) 1727 0 = /dev/gpib0 First GPIB bus 1728 1 = /dev/gpib1 Second GPIB bus 1729 ... 1730 1731161 char IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation) 1732 0 = /dev/ircomm0 First IrCOMM device 1733 1 = /dev/ircomm1 Second IrCOMM device 1734 ... 1735 16 = /dev/irlpt0 First IrLPT device 1736 17 = /dev/irlpt1 Second IrLPT device 1737 ... 1738 1739162 char Raw block device interface 1740 0 = /dev/raw Raw I/O control device 1741 1 = /dev/raw1 First raw I/O device 1742 2 = /dev/raw2 Second raw I/O device 1743 ... 1744 1745163 char Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem 1746 0 = /dev/bimrt0 First BIM radio modem 1747 1 = /dev/bimrt1 Second BIM radio modem 1748 ... 1749 1750164 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card 1751 0 = /dev/ttyCH0 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 0 1752 ... 1753 15 = /dev/ttyCH15 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 15 1754 16 = /dev/ttyCH16 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 0 1755 ... 1756 31 = /dev/ttyCH31 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 15 1757 32 = /dev/ttyCH32 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 0 1758 ... 1759 47 = /dev/ttyCH47 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 15 1760 48 = /dev/ttyCH48 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 0 1761 ... 1762 63 = /dev/ttyCH63 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 15 1763 1764165 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - alternate devices 1765 0 = /dev/cuch0 Callout device for ttyCH0 1766 ... 1767 63 = /dev/cuch63 Callout device for ttyCH63 1768 1769166 char ACM USB modems 1770 0 = /dev/ttyACM0 First ACM modem 1771 1 = /dev/ttyACM1 Second ACM modem 1772 ... 1773 1774167 char ACM USB modems - alternate devices 1775 0 = /dev/cuacm0 Callout device for ttyACM0 1776 1 = /dev/cuacm1 Callout device for ttyACM1 1777 ... 1778 1779168 char Eracom CSA7000 PCI encryption adaptor 1780 0 = /dev/ecsa0 First CSA7000 1781 1 = /dev/ecsa1 Second CSA7000 1782 ... 1783 1784169 char Eracom CSA8000 PCI encryption adaptor 1785 0 = /dev/ecsa8-0 First CSA8000 1786 1 = /dev/ecsa8-1 Second CSA8000 1787 ... 1788 1789170 char AMI MegaRAC remote access controller 1790 0 = /dev/megarac0 First MegaRAC card 1791 1 = /dev/megarac1 Second MegaRAC card 1792 ... 1793 1794171 char Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire) 1795 1796 1797172 char Moxa Intellio serial card 1798 0 = /dev/ttyMX0 First Moxa port 1799 1 = /dev/ttyMX1 Second Moxa port 1800 ... 1801 127 = /dev/ttyMX127 128th Moxa port 1802 128 = /dev/moxactl Moxa control port 1803 1804173 char Moxa Intellio serial card - alternate devices 1805 0 = /dev/cumx0 Callout device for ttyMX0 1806 1 = /dev/cumx1 Callout device for ttyMX1 1807 ... 1808 127 = /dev/cumx127 Callout device for ttyMX127 1809 1810174 char SmartIO serial card 1811 0 = /dev/ttySI0 First SmartIO port 1812 1 = /dev/ttySI1 Second SmartIO port 1813 ... 1814 1815175 char SmartIO serial card - alternate devices 1816 0 = /dev/cusi0 Callout device for ttySI0 1817 1 = /dev/cusi1 Callout device for ttySI1 1818 ... 1819 1820176 char nCipher nFast PCI crypto accelerator 1821 0 = /dev/nfastpci0 First nFast PCI device 1822 1 = /dev/nfastpci1 First nFast PCI device 1823 ... 1824 1825177 char TI PCILynx memory spaces 1826 0 = /dev/pcilynx/aux0 AUX space of first PCILynx card 1827 ... 1828 15 = /dev/pcilynx/aux15 AUX space of 16th PCILynx card 1829 16 = /dev/pcilynx/rom0 ROM space of first PCILynx card 1830 ... 1831 31 = /dev/pcilynx/rom15 ROM space of 16th PCILynx card 1832 32 = /dev/pcilynx/ram0 RAM space of first PCILynx card 1833 ... 1834 47 = /dev/pcilynx/ram15 RAM space of 16th PCILynx card 1835 1836178 char Giganet cLAN1xxx virtual interface adapter 1837 0 = /dev/clanvi0 First cLAN adapter 1838 1 = /dev/clanvi1 Second cLAN adapter 1839 ... 1840 1841179 char CCube DVXChip-based PCI products 1842 0 = /dev/dvxirq0 First DVX device 1843 1 = /dev/dvxirq1 Second DVX device 1844 ... 1845 1846180 char USB devices 1847 0 = /dev/usb/lp0 First USB printer 1848 ... 1849 15 = /dev/usb/lp15 16th USB printer 1850 16 = /dev/usb/mouse0 First USB mouse 1851 ... 1852 31 = /dev/usb/mouse15 16th USB mouse 1853 32 = /dev/usb/ez0 First USB firmware loader 1854 ... 1855 47 = /dev/usb/ez15 16th USB firmware loader 1856 48 = /dev/usb/scanner0 First USB scanner 1857 ... 1858 63 = /dev/usb/scanner15 16th USB scanner 1859 64 = /dev/usb/rio500 Diamond Rio 500 1860 1861181 char Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks 1862 0 = /dev/pcfclock0 First Conrad radio clock 1863 1 = /dev/pcfclock1 Second Conrad radio clock 1864 ... 1865 1866182 char Picture Elements THR2 binarizer 1867 0 = /dev/pethr0 First THR2 board 1868 1 = /dev/pethr1 Second THR2 board 1869 ... 1870 1871183 char SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface 1872 0 = /dev/ss5136dn0 First DeviceNet interface 1873 1 = /dev/ss5136dn1 Second DeviceNet interface 1874 ... 1875 1876 This device used to be assigned to major number 144. 1877 It had to be moved due to an unfortunate conflict. 1878 1879184 char Picture Elements' video simulator/sender 1880 0 = /dev/pevss0 First sender board 1881 1 = /dev/pevss1 Second sender board 1882 ... 1883 1884185 char InterMezzo high availability file system 1885 0 = /dev/intermezzo0 First cache manager 1886 1 = /dev/intermezzo1 Second cache manager 1887 ... 1888 1889 See http://www.inter-mezzo.org/ for more information. 1890 1891186 char Object-based storage control device 1892 0 = /dev/obd0 First obd control device 1893 1 = /dev/obd1 Second obd control device 1894 ... 1895 1896 See ftp://ftp.lustre.org/pub/obd for code and information. 1897 1898187 char DESkey hardware encryption device 1899 0 = /dev/deskey0 First DES key 1900 1 = /dev/deskey1 Second DES key 1901 ... 1902 1903188 char USB serial converters 1904 0 = /dev/ttyUSB0 First USB serial converter 1905 1 = /dev/ttyUSB1 Second USB serial converter 1906 ... 1907 1908189 char USB serial converters - alternate devices 1909 0 = /dev/cuusb0 Callout device for ttyUSB0 1910 1 = /dev/cuusb1 Callout device for ttyUSB1 1911 ... 1912 1913190 char Kansas City tracker/tuner card 1914 0 = /dev/kctt0 First KCT/T card 1915 1 = /dev/kctt1 Second KCT/T card 1916 ... 1917 1918191 char Reserved for PCMCIA 1919 1920192 char Kernel profiling interface 1921 0 = /dev/profile Profiling control device 1922 1 = /dev/profile0 Profiling device for CPU 0 1923 2 = /dev/profile1 Profiling device for CPU 1 1924 ... 1925 1926193 char Kernel event-tracing interface 1927 0 = /dev/trace Tracing control device 1928 1 = /dev/trace0 Tracing device for CPU 0 1929 2 = /dev/trace1 Tracing device for CPU 1 1930 ... 1931 1932194 char linVideoStreams (LINVS) 1933 0 = /dev/mvideo/status0 Video compression status 1934 1 = /dev/mvideo/stream0 Video stream 1935 2 = /dev/mvideo/frame0 Single compressed frame 1936 3 = /dev/mvideo/rawframe0 Raw uncompressed frame 1937 4 = /dev/mvideo/codec0 Direct codec access 1938 5 = /dev/mvideo/video4linux0 Video4Linux compatibility 1939 1940 16 = /dev/mvideo/status1 Second device 1941 ... 1942 32 = /dev/mvideo/status2 Third device 1943 ... 1944 ... 1945 240 = /dev/mvideo/status15 16th device 1946 ... 1947 1948195-239 UNALLOCATED 1949 1950240-254 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE 1951 1952255 RESERVED 1953 1954 This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a 1955 larger number space. No device nodes with this major 1956 should ever be created on the filesystem. 1957 1958 **** ADDITIONAL /dev DIRECTORY ENTRIES 1959 1960This section details additional entries that should or may exist in 1961the /dev directory. It is preferred that symbolic links use the same 1962form (absolute or relative) as is indicated here. Links are 1963classified as "hard" or "symbolic" depending on the preferred type of 1964link; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used. 1965 1966 1967 Compulsory links 1968 1969These links should exist on all systems: 1970 1971/dev/fd /proc/self/fd symbolic File descriptors 1972/dev/stdin fd/0 symbolic stdin file descriptor 1973/dev/stdout fd/1 symbolic stdout file descriptor 1974/dev/stderr fd/2 symbolic stderr file descriptor 1975/dev/nfsd socksys symbolic Required by iBCS-2 1976/dev/X0R null symbolic Required by iBCS-2 1977 1978Note: /dev/X0R is <letter X>-<digit 0>-<letter R>. 1979 1980 Recommended links 1981 1982It is recommended that these links exist on all systems: 1983 1984/dev/core /proc/kcore symbolic Backward compatibility 1985/dev/ramdisk ram0 symbolic Backward compatibility 1986/dev/ftape qft0 symbolic Backward compatibility 1987/dev/bttv0 video0 symbolic Backward compatibility 1988/dev/radio radio0 symbolic Backward compatibility 1989/dev/i2o* /dev/i2o/* symbolic Backward compatibility 1990/dev/scd? sr? hard Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name 1991 1992 Locally defined links 1993 1994The following links may be established locally to conform to the 1995configuration of the system. This is merely a tabulation of existing 1996practice, and does not constitute a recommendation. However, if they 1997exist, they should have the following uses. 1998 1999/dev/mouse mouse port symbolic Current mouse device 2000/dev/tape tape device symbolic Current tape device
2001/dev/cdrom CD-ROM device symbolic Current CD-ROM device 2002/dev/cdwriter CD-writer symbolic Current CD-writer device 2003/dev/scanner scanner symbolic Current scanner device 2004/dev/modem modem port symbolic Current dialout device 2005/dev/root root device symbolic Current root filesystem 2006/dev/swap swap device symbolic Current swap device 2007 2008/dev/modem should not be used for a modem which supports dialin as 2009well as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems. If it 2010exists, /dev/modem should point to the appropriate primary TTY device 2011(the use of the alternate callout devices is deprecated). 2012 2013For SCSI devices, /dev/tape and /dev/cdrom should point to the 2014``cooked'' devices (/dev/st* and /dev/sr*, respectively), whereas 2015/dev/cdwriter and /dev/scanner should point to the appropriate generic 2016SCSI devices (/dev/sg*). 2017 2018/dev/mouse may point to a primary serial TTY device, a hardware mouse 2019device, or a socket for a mouse driver program (e.g. /dev/gpmdata). 2020 2021 Sockets and pipes 2022 2023Non-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev. Common entries are: 2024 2025/dev/printer socket lpd local socket 2026/dev/log socket syslog local socket 2027/dev/gpmdata socket gpm mouse multiplexer 2028 2029 2030 **** TERMINAL DEVICES 2031 2032Terminal, or TTY devices are a special class of character devices. A 2033terminal device is any device that could act as a controlling terminal 2034for a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, and 2035pseudoterminals (PTYs). 2036 2037All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as line 2038diciplines; these include the common terminal line dicipline as well 2039as SLIP and PPP modes. 2040 2041All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains the 2042naming and use of the various types of TTYs. Note that the naming 2043conventions include several historical warts; some of these are 2044Linux-specific, some were inherited from other systems, and some 2045reflect Linux outgrowing a borrowed convention. 2046 2047A hash mark (#) in a device name is used here to indicate a decimal 2048number without leading zeroes. 2049 2050 Virtual consoles and the console device 2051 2052Virtual consoles are full-screen terminal displays on the system video 2053monitor. Virtual consoles are named /dev/tty#, with numbering 2054starting at /dev/tty1; /dev/tty0 is the current virtual console. 2055/dev/tty0 is the device that should be used to access the system video 2056card on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices 2057(/dev/fb*) are not applicable. Do not use /dev/console 2058for this purpose. 2059 2060The console device, /dev/console, is the device to which system 2061messages should be sent, and on which logins should be permitted in 2062single-user mode. Starting with Linux 2.1.71, /dev/console is managed 2063by the kernel; for previous versions it should be a symbolic link to 2064either /dev/tty0, a specific virtual console such as /dev/tty1, or to 2065a serial port primary (tty*, not cu*) device, depending on the 2066configuration of the system. 2067 2068 Serial ports 2069 2070Serial ports are RS-232 serial ports and any device which simulates 2071one, either in hardware (such as internal modems) or in software (such 2072as the ISDN driver.) Under Linux, each serial ports has two device 2073names, the primary or callin device and the alternate or callout one. 2074Each kind of device is indicated by a different letter. For any 2075letter X, the names of the devices are /dev/ttyX# and /dev/cux#, 2076respectively; for historical reasons, /dev/ttyS# and /dev/ttyC# 2077correspond to /dev/cua# and /dev/cub#. In the future, it should be 2078expected that multiple letters will be used; all letters will be upper 2079case for the "tty" device (e.g. /dev/ttyDP#) and lower case for the 2080"cu" device (e.g. /dev/cudp#). 2081 2082The names /dev/ttyQ# and /dev/cuq# are reserved for local use. 2083 2084The alternate devices provide for kernel-based exclusion and somewhat 2085different defaults than the primary devices. Their main purpose is to 2086allow the use of serial ports with programs with no inherent or broken 2087support for serial ports. Their use is deprecated, and they may be 2088removed from a future version of Linux. 2089 2090Arbitration of serial ports is provided by the use of lock files with 2091the names /var/lock/LCK..ttyX#. The contents of the lock file should 2092be the PID of the locking process as an ASCII number. 2093 2094It is common practice to install links such as /dev/modem 2095which point to serial ports. In order to ensure proper locking in the 2096presence of these links, it is recommended that software chase 2097symlinks and lock all possible names; additionally, it is recommended 2098that a lock file be installed with the corresponding alternate 2099device. In order to avoid deadlocks, it is recommended that the locks 2100are acquired in the following order, and released in the reverse: 2101 2102 1. The symbolic link name, if any (/var/lock/LCK..modem) 2103 2. The "tty" name (/var/lock/LCK..ttyS2) 2104 3. The alternate device name (/var/lock/LCK..cua2) 2105 2106In the case of nested symbolic links, the lock files should be 2107installed in the order the symlinks are resolved. 2108 2109Under no circumstances should an application hold a lock while waiting 2110for another to be released. In addition, applications which attempt 2111to create lock files for the corresponding alternate device names 2112should take into account the possibility of being used on a non-serial 2113port TTY, for which no alternate device would exist. 2114 2115 Pseudoterminals (PTYs) 2116 2117Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provide 2118other capabilities requiring a TTY line dicipline (including SLIP or 2119PPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes. Each PTY has 2120a master side, named /dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f], and a slave side, named 2121/dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]. The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs by 2122allowing each master side to be opened only once. 2123 2124Once the master side has been opened, the corresponding slave device 2125can be used in the same manner as any TTY device. The master and 2126slave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalent 2127of a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities. 2128 2129Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support for 2130the System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a common 2131device, /dev/ptmx, to all the masters (opening it will automatically 2132give you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory, /dev/pts, 2133for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (/dev/pts/# 2134in our notation). This removes the problem of exhausting the 2135namespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the device 2136nodes for the slaves on demand using the "devpts" filesystem. 2137 2138