/*
 * Virtio balloon implementation, inspired by Dor Laor and Marcelo
 * Tosatti's implementations.
 *
 *  Copyright 2008 Rusty Russell IBM Corporation
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 */

#include <linux/virtio.h>
#include <linux/virtio_balloon.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/freezer.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>

/*
 * Balloon device works in 4K page units.  So each page is pointed to by
 * multiple balloon pages.  All memory counters in this driver are in balloon
 * page units.
 */
#define VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE (PAGE_SIZE >> VIRTIO_BALLOON_PFN_SHIFT)

struct virtio_balloon
{
        struct virtio_device *vdev;
        struct virtqueue *inflate_vq, *deflate_vq, *stats_vq;

        /* Where the ballooning thread waits for config to change. */
        wait_queue_head_t config_change;

        /* The thread servicing the balloon. */
        struct task_struct *thread;

        /* Waiting for host to ack the pages we released. */
        wait_queue_head_t acked;

        /* Number of balloon pages we've told the Host we're not using. */
        unsigned int num_pages;
        /*
         * The pages we've told the Host we're not using.
         * Each page on this list adds VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE
         * to num_pages above.
         */
        struct list_head pages;

        /* The array of pfns we tell the Host about. */
        unsigned int num_pfns;
        u32 pfns[256];

        /* Memory statistics */
        int need_stats_update;
        struct virtio_balloon_stat stats[VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_NR];
};

static struct virtio_device_id id_table[] = {
        { VIRTIO_ID_BALLOON, VIRTIO_DEV_ANY_ID },
        { 0 },
};

static u32 page_to_balloon_pfn(struct page *page)
{
        unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);

        BUILD_BUG_ON(PAGE_SHIFT < VIRTIO_BALLOON_PFN_SHIFT);
        /* Convert pfn from Linux page size to balloon page size. */
        return pfn * VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
}

static struct page *balloon_pfn_to_page(u32 pfn)
{
        BUG_ON(pfn % VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE);
        return pfn_to_page(pfn / VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE);
}

static void balloon_ack(struct virtqueue *vq)
{
        struct virtio_balloon *vb = vq->vdev->priv;

        wake_up(&vb->acked);
}

static void tell_host(struct virtio_balloon *vb, struct virtqueue *vq)
{
        struct scatterlist sg;
        unsigned int len;

        sg_init_one(&sg, vb->pfns, sizeof(vb->pfns[0]) * vb->num_pfns);

        /* We should always be able to add one buffer to an empty queue. */
        if (virtqueue_add_buf(vq, &sg, 1, 0, vb, GFP_KERNEL) < 0)
                BUG();
        virtqueue_kick(vq);

        /* When host has read buffer, this completes via balloon_ack */
        wait_event(vb->acked, virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len));
}

static void set_page_pfns(u32 pfns[], struct page *page)
{
        unsigned int i;

        /* Set balloon pfns pointing at this page.
         * Note that the first pfn points at start of the page. */
        for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE; i++)
                pfns[i] = page_to_balloon_pfn(page) + i;
}

static void fill_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
{
        /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
        num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));

        for (vb->num_pfns = 0; vb->num_pfns < num;
             vb->num_pfns += VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE) {
                struct page *page = alloc_page(GFP_HIGHUSER | __GFP_NORETRY |
                                        __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | __GFP_NOWARN);
                if (!page) {
                        if (printk_ratelimit())
                                dev_printk(KERN_INFO, &vb->vdev->dev,
                                           "Out of puff! Can't get %zu pages\n",
                                           num);
                        /* Sleep for at least 1/5 of a second before retry. */
                        msleep(200);
                        break;
                }
                set_page_pfns(vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
                vb->num_pages += VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
                totalram_pages--;
                list_add(&page->lru, &vb->pages);
        }

        /* Didn't get any?  Oh well. */
        if (vb->num_pfns == 0)
                return;

        tell_host(vb, vb->inflate_vq);
}

static void release_pages_by_pfn(const u32 pfns[], unsigned int num)
{
        unsigned int i;

        /* Find pfns pointing at start of each page, get pages and free them. */
        for (i = 0; i < num; i += VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE) {
                __free_page(balloon_pfn_to_page(pfns[i]));
                totalram_pages++;
        }
}

static void leak_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
{
        struct page *page;

        /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
        num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));

        for (vb->num_pfns = 0; vb->num_pfns < num;
             vb->num_pfns += VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE) {
                page = list_first_entry(&vb->pages, struct page, lru);
                list_del(&page->lru);
                set_page_pfns(vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
                vb->num_pages -= VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
        }

        /*
         * Note that if
         * virtio_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_MUST_TELL_HOST);
         * is true, we *have* to do it in this order
         */
        tell_host(vb, vb->deflate_vq);
        release_pages_by_pfn(vb->pfns, vb->num_pfns);
}

static inline void update_stat(struct virtio_balloon *vb, int idx,
                               u16 tag, u64 val)
{
        BUG_ON(idx >= VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_NR);
        vb->stats[idx].tag = tag;
        vb->stats[idx].val = val;
}

#define pages_to_bytes(x) ((u64)(x) << PAGE_SHIFT)

static void update_balloon_stats(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
{
        unsigned long events[NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS];
        struct sysinfo i;
        int idx = 0;

        all_vm_events(events);
        si_meminfo(&i);

        update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_SWAP_IN,
                                pages_to_bytes(events[PSWPIN]));
        update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_SWAP_OUT,
                                pages_to_bytes(events[PSWPOUT]));
        update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_MAJFLT, events[PGMAJFAULT]);
        update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_MINFLT, events[PGFAULT]);
        update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_MEMFREE,
                                pages_to_bytes(i.freeram));
        update_stat(vb, idx++, VIRTIO_BALLOON_S_MEMTOT,
                                pages_to_bytes(i.totalram));
}

/*
 * While most virtqueues communicate guest-initiated requests to the hypervisor,
 * the stats queue operates in reverse.  The driver initializes the virtqueue
 * with a single buffer.  From that point forward, all conversations consist of
 * a hypervisor request (a call to this function) which directs us to refill
 * the virtqueue with a fresh stats buffer.  Since stats collection can sleep,
 * we notify our kthread which does the actual work via stats_handle_request().
 */
static void stats_request(struct virtqueue *vq)
{
        struct virtio_balloon *vb = vq->vdev->priv;

        vb->need_stats_update = 1;
        wake_up(&vb->config_change);
}

static void stats_handle_request(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
{
        struct virtqueue *vq;
        struct scatterlist sg;
        unsigned int len;

        vb->need_stats_update = 0;
        update_balloon_stats(vb);

        vq = vb->stats_vq;
        if (!virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len))
                return;
        sg_init_one(&sg, vb->stats, sizeof(vb->stats));
        if (virtqueue_add_buf(vq, &sg, 1, 0, vb, GFP_KERNEL) < 0)
                BUG();
        virtqueue_kick(vq);
}

static void virtballoon_changed(struct virtio_device *vdev)
{
        struct virtio_balloon *vb = vdev->priv;

        wake_up(&vb->config_change);
}

static inline s64 towards_target(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
{
        __le32 v;
        s64 target;

        vb->vdev->config->get(vb->vdev,
                              offsetof(struct virtio_balloon_config, num_pages),
                              &v, sizeof(v));
        target = le32_to_cpu(v);
        return target - vb->num_pages;
}

static void update_balloon_size(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
{
        __le32 actual = cpu_to_le32(vb->num_pages);

        vb->vdev->config->set(vb->vdev,
                              offsetof(struct virtio_balloon_config, actual),
                              &actual, sizeof(actual));
}

static int balloon(void *_vballoon)
{
        struct virtio_balloon *vb = _vballoon;

        set_freezable();
        while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
                s64 diff;

                try_to_freeze();
                wait_event_interruptible(vb->config_change,
                                         (diff = towards_target(vb)) != 0
                                         || vb->need_stats_update
                                         || kthread_should_stop()
                                         || freezing(current));
                if (vb->need_stats_update)
                        stats_handle_request(vb);
                if (diff > 0)
                        fill_balloon(vb, diff);
                else if (diff < 0)
                        leak_balloon(vb, -diff);
                update_balloon_size(vb);
        }
        return 0;
}

static int init_vqs(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
{
        struct virtqueue *vqs[3];
        vq_callback_t *callbacks[] = { balloon_ack, balloon_ack, stats_request };
        const char *names[] = { "inflate", "deflate", "stats" };
        int err, nvqs;

        /*
         * We expect two virtqueues: inflate and deflate, and
         * optionally stat.
         */
        nvqs = virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_STATS_VQ) ? 3 : 2;
        err = vb->vdev->config->find_vqs(vb->vdev, nvqs, vqs, callbacks, names);
        if (err)
                return err;

        vb->inflate_vq = vqs[0];
        vb->deflate_vq = vqs[1];
        if (virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_STATS_VQ)) {
                struct scatterlist sg;
                vb->stats_vq = vqs[2];

                /*
                 * Prime this virtqueue with one buffer so the hypervisor can
                 * use it to signal us later.
                 */
                sg_init_one(&sg, vb->stats, sizeof vb->stats);
                if (virtqueue_add_buf(vb->stats_vq, &sg, 1, 0, vb, GFP_KERNEL)
                    < 0)
                        BUG();
                virtqueue_kick(vb->stats_vq);
        }
        return 0;
}

static int virtballoon_probe(struct virtio_device *vdev)
{
        struct virtio_balloon *vb;
        int err;

        vdev->priv = vb = kmalloc(sizeof(*vb), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!vb) {
                err = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vb->pages);
        vb->num_pages = 0;
        init_waitqueue_head(&vb->config_change);
        init_waitqueue_head(&vb->acked);
        vb->vdev = vdev;
        vb->need_stats_update = 0;

        err = init_vqs(vb);
        if (err)
                goto out_free_vb;

        vb->thread = kthread_run(balloon, vb, "vballoon");
        if (IS_ERR(vb->thread)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(vb->thread);
                goto out_del_vqs;
        }

        return 0;

out_del_vqs:
        vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
out_free_vb:
        kfree(vb);
out:
        return err;
}

static void remove_common(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
{
        /* There might be pages left in the balloon: free them. */
        while (vb->num_pages)
                leak_balloon(vb, vb->num_pages);
        update_balloon_size(vb);

        /* Now we reset the device so we can clean up the queues. */
        vb->vdev->config->reset(vb->vdev);

        vb->vdev->config->del_vqs(vb->vdev);
}

static void __devexit virtballoon_remove(struct virtio_device *vdev)
{
        struct virtio_balloon *vb = vdev->priv;

        kthread_stop(vb->thread);
        remove_common(vb);
        kfree(vb);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PM
static int virtballoon_freeze(struct virtio_device *vdev)
{
        struct virtio_balloon *vb = vdev->priv;

        /*
         * The kthread is already frozen by the PM core before this
         * function is called.
         */

        remove_common(vb);
        return 0;
}

static int virtballoon_restore(struct virtio_device *vdev)
{
        struct virtio_balloon *vb = vdev->priv;
        int ret;

        ret = init_vqs(vdev->priv);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        fill_balloon(vb, towards_target(vb));
        update_balloon_size(vb);
        return 0;
}
#endif

static unsigned int features[] = {
        VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_MUST_TELL_HOST,
        VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_STATS_VQ,
};

static struct virtio_driver virtio_balloon_driver = {
        .feature_table = features,
        .feature_table_size = ARRAY_SIZE(features),
        .driver.name =  KBUILD_MODNAME,
        .driver.owner = THIS_MODULE,
        .id_table =     id_table,
        .probe =        virtballoon_probe,
        .remove =       __devexit_p(virtballoon_remove),
        .config_changed = virtballoon_changed,
#ifdef CONFIG_PM
        .freeze =       virtballoon_freeze,
        .restore =      virtballoon_restore,
#endif
};

static int __init init(void)
{
        return register_virtio_driver(&virtio_balloon_driver);
}

static void __exit fini(void)
{
        unregister_virtio_driver(&virtio_balloon_driver);
}
module_init(init);
module_exit(fini);

MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(virtio, id_table);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Virtio balloon driver");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");