/*
 * linux/fs/nfs/direct.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2003 by Chuck Lever <cel@netapp.com>
 *
 * High-performance uncached I/O for the Linux NFS client
 *
 * There are important applications whose performance or correctness
 * depends on uncached access to file data.  Database clusters
 * (multiple copies of the same instance running on separate hosts)
 * implement their own cache coherency protocol that subsumes file
 * system cache protocols.  Applications that process datasets
 * considerably larger than the client's memory do not always benefit
 * from a local cache.  A streaming video server, for instance, has no
 * need to cache the contents of a file.
 *
 * When an application requests uncached I/O, all read and write requests
 * are made directly to the server; data stored or fetched via these
 * requests is not cached in the Linux page cache.  The client does not
 * correct unaligned requests from applications.  All requested bytes are
 * held on permanent storage before a direct write system call returns to
 * an application.
 *
 * Solaris implements an uncached I/O facility called directio() that
 * is used for backups and sequential I/O to very large files.  Solaris
 * also supports uncaching whole NFS partitions with "-o forcedirectio,"
 * an undocumented mount option.
 *
 * Designed by Jeff Kimmel, Chuck Lever, and Trond Myklebust, with
 * help from Andrew Morton.
 *
 * 18 Dec 2001  Initial implementation for 2.4  --cel
 * 08 Jul 2002  Version for 2.4.19, with bug fixes --trondmy
 * 08 Jun 2003  Port to 2.5 APIs  --cel
 * 31 Mar 2004  Handle direct I/O without VFS support  --cel
 * 15 Sep 2004  Parallel async reads  --cel
 * 04 May 2005  support O_DIRECT with aio  --cel
 *
 */

#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/kref.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>

#include <linux/nfs_fs.h>
#include <linux/nfs_page.h>
#include <linux/sunrpc/clnt.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>

#include "internal.h"
#include "iostat.h"
#include "pnfs.h"

#define NFSDBG_FACILITY         NFSDBG_VFS

static struct kmem_cache *nfs_direct_cachep;

/*
 * This represents a set of asynchronous requests that we're waiting on
 */
struct nfs_direct_req {
        struct kref             kref;           /* release manager */

        /* I/O parameters */
        struct nfs_open_context *ctx;           /* file open context info */
        struct nfs_lock_context *l_ctx;         /* Lock context info */
        struct kiocb *          iocb;           /* controlling i/o request */
        struct inode *          inode;          /* target file of i/o */

        /* completion state */
        atomic_t                io_count;       /* i/os we're waiting for */
        spinlock_t              lock;           /* protect completion state */
        ssize_t                 count,          /* bytes actually processed */
                                error;          /* any reported error */
        struct completion       completion;     /* wait for i/o completion */

        /* commit state */
        struct nfs_mds_commit_info mds_cinfo;   /* Storage for cinfo */
        struct pnfs_ds_commit_info ds_cinfo;    /* Storage for cinfo */
        struct work_struct      work;
        int                     flags;
#define NFS_ODIRECT_DO_COMMIT           (1)     /* an unstable reply was received */
#define NFS_ODIRECT_RESCHED_WRITES      (2)     /* write verification failed */
        struct nfs_writeverf    verf;           /* unstable write verifier */
};

static const struct nfs_pgio_completion_ops nfs_direct_write_completion_ops;
static const struct nfs_commit_completion_ops nfs_direct_commit_completion_ops;
static void nfs_direct_write_complete(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq, struct inode *inode);
static void nfs_direct_write_schedule_work(struct work_struct *work);

static inline void get_dreq(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq)
{
        atomic_inc(&dreq->io_count);
}

static inline int put_dreq(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq)
{
        return atomic_dec_and_test(&dreq->io_count);
}

/**
 * nfs_direct_IO - NFS address space operation for direct I/O
 * @rw: direction (read or write)
 * @iocb: target I/O control block
 * @iov: array of vectors that define I/O buffer
 * @pos: offset in file to begin the operation
 * @nr_segs: size of iovec array
 *
 * The presence of this routine in the address space ops vector means
 * the NFS client supports direct I/O. However, for most direct IO, we
 * shunt off direct read and write requests before the VFS gets them,
 * so this method is only ever called for swap.
 */
ssize_t nfs_direct_IO(int rw, struct kiocb *iocb, const struct iovec *iov, loff_t pos, unsigned long nr_segs)
{
#ifndef CONFIG_NFS_SWAP
        dprintk("NFS: nfs_direct_IO (%s) off/no(%Ld/%lu) EINVAL\n",
                        iocb->ki_filp->f_path.dentry->d_name.name,
                        (long long) pos, nr_segs);

        return -EINVAL;
#else
        VM_BUG_ON(iocb->ki_left != PAGE_SIZE);
        VM_BUG_ON(iocb->ki_nbytes != PAGE_SIZE);

        if (rw == READ || rw == KERNEL_READ)
                return nfs_file_direct_read(iocb, iov, nr_segs, pos,
                                rw == READ ? true : false);
        return nfs_file_direct_write(iocb, iov, nr_segs, pos,
                                rw == WRITE ? true : false);
#endif /* CONFIG_NFS_SWAP */
}

static void nfs_direct_release_pages(struct page **pages, unsigned int npages)
{
        unsigned int i;
        for (i = 0; i < npages; i++)
                page_cache_release(pages[i]);
}

void nfs_init_cinfo_from_dreq(struct nfs_commit_info *cinfo,
                              struct nfs_direct_req *dreq)
{
        cinfo->lock = &dreq->lock;
        cinfo->mds = &dreq->mds_cinfo;
        cinfo->ds = &dreq->ds_cinfo;
        cinfo->dreq = dreq;
        cinfo->completion_ops = &nfs_direct_commit_completion_ops;
}

static inline struct nfs_direct_req *nfs_direct_req_alloc(void)
{
        struct nfs_direct_req *dreq;

        dreq = kmem_cache_zalloc(nfs_direct_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!dreq)
                return NULL;

        kref_init(&dreq->kref);
        kref_get(&dreq->kref);
        init_completion(&dreq->completion);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dreq->mds_cinfo.list);
        INIT_WORK(&dreq->work, nfs_direct_write_schedule_work);
        spin_lock_init(&dreq->lock);

        return dreq;
}

static void nfs_direct_req_free(struct kref *kref)
{
        struct nfs_direct_req *dreq = container_of(kref, struct nfs_direct_req, kref);

        if (dreq->l_ctx != NULL)
                nfs_put_lock_context(dreq->l_ctx);
        if (dreq->ctx != NULL)
                put_nfs_open_context(dreq->ctx);
        kmem_cache_free(nfs_direct_cachep, dreq);
}

static void nfs_direct_req_release(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq)
{
        kref_put(&dreq->kref, nfs_direct_req_free);
}

/*
 * Collects and returns the final error value/byte-count.
 */
static ssize_t nfs_direct_wait(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq)
{
        ssize_t result = -EIOCBQUEUED;

        /* Async requests don't wait here */
        if (dreq->iocb)
                goto out;

        result = wait_for_completion_killable(&dreq->completion);

        if (!result)
                result = dreq->error;
        if (!result)
                result = dreq->count;

out:
        return (ssize_t) result;
}

/*
 * Synchronous I/O uses a stack-allocated iocb.  Thus we can't trust
 * the iocb is still valid here if this is a synchronous request.
 */
static void nfs_direct_complete(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq)
{
        if (dreq->iocb) {
                long res = (long) dreq->error;
                if (!res)
                        res = (long) dreq->count;
                aio_complete(dreq->iocb, res, 0);
        }
        complete_all(&dreq->completion);

        nfs_direct_req_release(dreq);
}

static void nfs_direct_readpage_release(struct nfs_page *req)
{
        dprintk("NFS: direct read done (%s/%lld %d@%lld)\n",
                req->wb_context->dentry->d_inode->i_sb->s_id,
                (long long)NFS_FILEID(req->wb_context->dentry->d_inode),
                req->wb_bytes,
                (long long)req_offset(req));
        nfs_release_request(req);
}

static void nfs_direct_read_completion(struct nfs_pgio_header *hdr)
{
        unsigned long bytes = 0;
        struct nfs_direct_req *dreq = hdr->dreq;

        if (test_bit(NFS_IOHDR_REDO, &hdr->flags))
                goto out_put;

        spin_lock(&dreq->lock);
        if (test_bit(NFS_IOHDR_ERROR, &hdr->flags) && (hdr->good_bytes == 0))
                dreq->error = hdr->error;
        else
                dreq->count += hdr->good_bytes;
        spin_unlock(&dreq->lock);

        while (!list_empty(&hdr->pages)) {
                struct nfs_page *req = nfs_list_entry(hdr->pages.next);
                struct page *page = req->wb_page;

                if (test_bit(NFS_IOHDR_EOF, &hdr->flags)) {
                        if (bytes > hdr->good_bytes)
                                zero_user(page, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
                        else if (hdr->good_bytes - bytes < PAGE_SIZE)
                                zero_user_segment(page,
                                        hdr->good_bytes & ~PAGE_MASK,
                                        PAGE_SIZE);
                }
                if (!PageCompound(page)) {
                        if (test_bit(NFS_IOHDR_ERROR, &hdr->flags)) {
                                if (bytes < hdr->good_bytes)
                                        set_page_dirty(page);
                        } else
                                set_page_dirty(page);
                }
                bytes += req->wb_bytes;
                nfs_list_remove_request(req);
                nfs_direct_readpage_release(req);
        }
out_put:
        if (put_dreq(dreq))
                nfs_direct_complete(dreq);
        hdr->release(hdr);
}

static void nfs_read_sync_pgio_error(struct list_head *head)
{
        struct nfs_page *req;

        while (!list_empty(head)) {
                req = nfs_list_entry(head->next);
                nfs_list_remove_request(req);
                nfs_release_request(req);
        }
}

static void nfs_direct_pgio_init(struct nfs_pgio_header *hdr)
{
        get_dreq(hdr->dreq);
}

static const struct nfs_pgio_completion_ops nfs_direct_read_completion_ops = {
        .error_cleanup = nfs_read_sync_pgio_error,
        .init_hdr = nfs_direct_pgio_init,
        .completion = nfs_direct_read_completion,
};

/*
 * For each rsize'd chunk of the user's buffer, dispatch an NFS READ
 * operation.  If nfs_readdata_alloc() or get_user_pages() fails,
 * bail and stop sending more reads.  Read length accounting is
 * handled automatically by nfs_direct_read_result().  Otherwise, if
 * no requests have been sent, just return an error.
 */
static ssize_t nfs_direct_read_schedule_segment(struct nfs_pageio_descriptor *desc,
                                                const struct iovec *iov,
                                                loff_t pos, bool uio)
{
        struct nfs_direct_req *dreq = desc->pg_dreq;
        struct nfs_open_context *ctx = dreq->ctx;
        struct inode *inode = ctx->dentry->d_inode;
        unsigned long user_addr = (unsigned long)iov->iov_base;
        size_t count = iov->iov_len;
        size_t rsize = NFS_SERVER(inode)->rsize;
        unsigned int pgbase;
        int result;
        ssize_t started = 0;
        struct page **pagevec = NULL;
        unsigned int npages;

        do {
                size_t bytes;
                int i;

                pgbase = user_addr & ~PAGE_MASK;
                bytes = min(max_t(size_t, rsize, PAGE_SIZE), count);

                result = -ENOMEM;
                npages = nfs_page_array_len(pgbase, bytes);
                if (!pagevec)
                        pagevec = kmalloc(npages * sizeof(struct page *),
                                          GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!pagevec)
                        break;
                if (uio) {
                        down_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
                        result = get_user_pages(current, current->mm, user_addr,
                                        npages, 1, 0, pagevec, NULL);
                        up_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
                        if (result < 0)
                                break;
                } else {
                        WARN_ON(npages != 1);
                        result = get_kernel_page(user_addr, 1, pagevec);
                        if (WARN_ON(result != 1))
                                break;
                }

                if ((unsigned)result < npages) {
                        bytes = result * PAGE_SIZE;
                        if (bytes <= pgbase) {
                                nfs_direct_release_pages(pagevec, result);
                                break;
                        }
                        bytes -= pgbase;
                        npages = result;
                }

                for (i = 0; i < npages; i++) {
                        struct nfs_page *req;
                        unsigned int req_len = min_t(size_t, bytes, PAGE_SIZE - pgbase);
                        /* XXX do we need to do the eof zeroing found in async_filler? */
                        req = nfs_create_request(dreq->ctx, dreq->inode,
                                                 pagevec[i],
                                                 pgbase, req_len);
                        if (IS_ERR(req)) {
                                result = PTR_ERR(req);
                                break;
                        }
                        req->wb_index = pos >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                        req->wb_offset = pos & ~PAGE_MASK;
                        if (!nfs_pageio_add_request(desc, req)) {
                                result = desc->pg_error;
                                nfs_release_request(req);
                                break;
                        }
                        pgbase = 0;
                        bytes -= req_len;
                        started += req_len;
                        user_addr += req_len;
                        pos += req_len;
                        count -= req_len;
                }
                /* The nfs_page now hold references to these pages */
                nfs_direct_release_pages(pagevec, npages);
        } while (count != 0 && result >= 0);

        kfree(pagevec);

        if (started)
                return started;
        return result < 0 ? (ssize_t) result : -EFAULT;
}

static ssize_t nfs_direct_read_schedule_iovec(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq,
                                              const struct iovec *iov,
                                              unsigned long nr_segs,
                                              loff_t pos, bool uio)
{
        struct nfs_pageio_descriptor desc;
        ssize_t result = -EINVAL;
        size_t requested_bytes = 0;
        unsigned long seg;

        NFS_PROTO(dreq->inode)->read_pageio_init(&desc, dreq->inode,
                             &nfs_direct_read_completion_ops);
        get_dreq(dreq);
        desc.pg_dreq = dreq;

        for (seg = 0; seg < nr_segs; seg++) {
                const struct iovec *vec = &iov[seg];
                result = nfs_direct_read_schedule_segment(&desc, vec, pos, uio);
                if (result < 0)
                        break;
                requested_bytes += result;
                if ((size_t)result < vec->iov_len)
                        break;
                pos += vec->iov_len;
        }

        nfs_pageio_complete(&desc);

        /*
         * If no bytes were started, return the error, and let the
         * generic layer handle the completion.
         */
        if (requested_bytes == 0) {
                nfs_direct_req_release(dreq);
                return result < 0 ? result : -EIO;
        }

        if (put_dreq(dreq))
                nfs_direct_complete(dreq);
        return 0;
}

static ssize_t nfs_direct_read(struct kiocb *iocb, const struct iovec *iov,
                               unsigned long nr_segs, loff_t pos, bool uio)
{
        ssize_t result = -ENOMEM;
        struct inode *inode = iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping->host;
        struct nfs_direct_req *dreq;

        dreq = nfs_direct_req_alloc();
        if (dreq == NULL)
                goto out;

        dreq->inode = inode;
        dreq->ctx = get_nfs_open_context(nfs_file_open_context(iocb->ki_filp));
        dreq->l_ctx = nfs_get_lock_context(dreq->ctx);
        if (dreq->l_ctx == NULL)
                goto out_release;
        if (!is_sync_kiocb(iocb))
                dreq->iocb = iocb;

        result = nfs_direct_read_schedule_iovec(dreq, iov, nr_segs, pos, uio);
        if (!result)
                result = nfs_direct_wait(dreq);
        NFS_I(inode)->read_io += result;
out_release:
        nfs_direct_req_release(dreq);
out:
        return result;
}

static void nfs_inode_dio_write_done(struct inode *inode)
{
        nfs_zap_mapping(inode, inode->i_mapping);
        inode_dio_done(inode);
}

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NFS_V3) || IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NFS_V4)
static void nfs_direct_write_reschedule(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq)
{
        struct nfs_pageio_descriptor desc;
        struct nfs_page *req, *tmp;
        LIST_HEAD(reqs);
        struct nfs_commit_info cinfo;
        LIST_HEAD(failed);

        nfs_init_cinfo_from_dreq(&cinfo, dreq);
        pnfs_recover_commit_reqs(dreq->inode, &reqs, &cinfo);
        spin_lock(cinfo.lock);
        nfs_scan_commit_list(&cinfo.mds->list, &reqs, &cinfo, 0);
        spin_unlock(cinfo.lock);

        dreq->count = 0;
        get_dreq(dreq);

        NFS_PROTO(dreq->inode)->write_pageio_init(&desc, dreq->inode, FLUSH_STABLE,
                              &nfs_direct_write_completion_ops);
        desc.pg_dreq = dreq;

        list_for_each_entry_safe(req, tmp, &reqs, wb_list) {
                if (!nfs_pageio_add_request(&desc, req)) {
                        nfs_list_remove_request(req);
                        nfs_list_add_request(req, &failed);
                        spin_lock(cinfo.lock);
                        dreq->flags = 0;
                        dreq->error = -EIO;
                        spin_unlock(cinfo.lock);
                }
                nfs_release_request(req);
        }
        nfs_pageio_complete(&desc);

        while (!list_empty(&failed)) {
                req = nfs_list_entry(failed.next);
                nfs_list_remove_request(req);
                nfs_unlock_and_release_request(req);
        }

        if (put_dreq(dreq))
                nfs_direct_write_complete(dreq, dreq->inode);
}

static void nfs_direct_commit_complete(struct nfs_commit_data *data)
{
        struct nfs_direct_req *dreq = data->dreq;
        struct nfs_commit_info cinfo;
        struct nfs_page *req;
        int status = data->task.tk_status;

        nfs_init_cinfo_from_dreq(&cinfo, dreq);
        if (status < 0) {
                dprintk("NFS: %5u commit failed with error %d.\n",
                        data->task.tk_pid, status);
                dreq->flags = NFS_ODIRECT_RESCHED_WRITES;
        } else if (memcmp(&dreq->verf, &data->verf, sizeof(data->verf))) {
                dprintk("NFS: %5u commit verify failed\n", data->task.tk_pid);
                dreq->flags = NFS_ODIRECT_RESCHED_WRITES;
        }

        dprintk("NFS: %5u commit returned %d\n", data->task.tk_pid, status);
        while (!list_empty(&data->pages)) {
                req = nfs_list_entry(data->pages.next);
                nfs_list_remove_request(req);
                if (dreq->flags == NFS_ODIRECT_RESCHED_WRITES) {
                        /* Note the rewrite will go through mds */
                        nfs_mark_request_commit(req, NULL, &cinfo);
                } else
                        nfs_release_request(req);
                nfs_unlock_and_release_request(req);
        }

        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&cinfo.mds->rpcs_out))
                nfs_direct_write_complete(dreq, data->inode);
}

static void nfs_direct_error_cleanup(struct nfs_inode *nfsi)
{
        /* There is no lock to clear */
}

static const struct nfs_commit_completion_ops nfs_direct_commit_completion_ops = {
        .completion = nfs_direct_commit_complete,
        .error_cleanup = nfs_direct_error_cleanup,
};

static void nfs_direct_commit_schedule(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq)
{
        int res;
        struct nfs_commit_info cinfo;
        LIST_HEAD(mds_list);

        nfs_init_cinfo_from_dreq(&cinfo, dreq);
        nfs_scan_commit(dreq->inode, &mds_list, &cinfo);
        res = nfs_generic_commit_list(dreq->inode, &mds_list, 0, &cinfo);
        if (res < 0) /* res == -ENOMEM */
                nfs_direct_write_reschedule(dreq);
}

static void nfs_direct_write_schedule_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
        struct nfs_direct_req *dreq = container_of(work, struct nfs_direct_req, work);
        int flags = dreq->flags;

        dreq->flags = 0;
        switch (flags) {
                case NFS_ODIRECT_DO_COMMIT:
                        nfs_direct_commit_schedule(dreq);
                        break;
                case NFS_ODIRECT_RESCHED_WRITES:
                        nfs_direct_write_reschedule(dreq);
                        break;
                default:
                        nfs_inode_dio_write_done(dreq->inode);
                        nfs_direct_complete(dreq);
        }
}

static void nfs_direct_write_complete(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq, struct inode *inode)
{
        schedule_work(&dreq->work); /* Calls nfs_direct_write_schedule_work */
}

#else
static void nfs_direct_write_schedule_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
}

static void nfs_direct_write_complete(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq, struct inode *inode)
{
        nfs_inode_dio_write_done(inode);
        nfs_direct_complete(dreq);
}
#endif

/*
 * NB: Return the value of the first error return code.  Subsequent
 *     errors after the first one are ignored.
 */
/*
 * For each wsize'd chunk of the user's buffer, dispatch an NFS WRITE
 * operation.  If nfs_writedata_alloc() or get_user_pages() fails,
 * bail and stop sending more writes.  Write length accounting is
 * handled automatically by nfs_direct_write_result().  Otherwise, if
 * no requests have been sent, just return an error.
 */
static ssize_t nfs_direct_write_schedule_segment(struct nfs_pageio_descriptor *desc,
                                                 const struct iovec *iov,
                                                 loff_t pos, bool uio)
{
        struct nfs_direct_req *dreq = desc->pg_dreq;
        struct nfs_open_context *ctx = dreq->ctx;
        struct inode *inode = ctx->dentry->d_inode;
        unsigned long user_addr = (unsigned long)iov->iov_base;
        size_t count = iov->iov_len;
        size_t wsize = NFS_SERVER(inode)->wsize;
        unsigned int pgbase;
        int result;
        ssize_t started = 0;
        struct page **pagevec = NULL;
        unsigned int npages;

        do {
                size_t bytes;
                int i;

                pgbase = user_addr & ~PAGE_MASK;
                bytes = min(max_t(size_t, wsize, PAGE_SIZE), count);

                result = -ENOMEM;
                npages = nfs_page_array_len(pgbase, bytes);
                if (!pagevec)
                        pagevec = kmalloc(npages * sizeof(struct page *), GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!pagevec)
                        break;

                if (uio) {
                        down_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
                        result = get_user_pages(current, current->mm, user_addr,
                                                npages, 0, 0, pagevec, NULL);
                        up_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
                        if (result < 0)
                                break;
                } else {
                        WARN_ON(npages != 1);
                        result = get_kernel_page(user_addr, 0, pagevec);
                        if (WARN_ON(result != 1))
                                break;
                }

                if ((unsigned)result < npages) {
                        bytes = result * PAGE_SIZE;
                        if (bytes <= pgbase) {
                                nfs_direct_release_pages(pagevec, result);
                                break;
                        }
                        bytes -= pgbase;
                        npages = result;
                }

                for (i = 0; i < npages; i++) {
                        struct nfs_page *req;
                        unsigned int req_len = min_t(size_t, bytes, PAGE_SIZE - pgbase);

                        req = nfs_create_request(dreq->ctx, dreq->inode,
                                                 pagevec[i],
                                                 pgbase, req_len);
                        if (IS_ERR(req)) {
                                result = PTR_ERR(req);
                                break;
                        }
                        nfs_lock_request(req);
                        req->wb_index = pos >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                        req->wb_offset = pos & ~PAGE_MASK;
                        if (!nfs_pageio_add_request(desc, req)) {
                                result = desc->pg_error;
                                nfs_unlock_and_release_request(req);
                                break;
                        }
                        pgbase = 0;
                        bytes -= req_len;
                        started += req_len;
                        user_addr += req_len;
                        pos += req_len;
                        count -= req_len;
                }
                /* The nfs_page now hold references to these pages */
                nfs_direct_release_pages(pagevec, npages);
        } while (count != 0 && result >= 0);

        kfree(pagevec);

        if (started)
                return started;
        return result < 0 ? (ssize_t) result : -EFAULT;
}

static void nfs_direct_write_completion(struct nfs_pgio_header *hdr)
{
        struct nfs_direct_req *dreq = hdr->dreq;
        struct nfs_commit_info cinfo;
        int bit = -1;
        struct nfs_page *req = nfs_list_entry(hdr->pages.next);

        if (test_bit(NFS_IOHDR_REDO, &hdr->flags))
                goto out_put;

        nfs_init_cinfo_from_dreq(&cinfo, dreq);

        spin_lock(&dreq->lock);

        if (test_bit(NFS_IOHDR_ERROR, &hdr->flags)) {
                dreq->flags = 0;
                dreq->error = hdr->error;
        }
        if (dreq->error != 0)
                bit = NFS_IOHDR_ERROR;
        else {
                dreq->count += hdr->good_bytes;
                if (test_bit(NFS_IOHDR_NEED_RESCHED, &hdr->flags)) {
                        dreq->flags = NFS_ODIRECT_RESCHED_WRITES;
                        bit = NFS_IOHDR_NEED_RESCHED;
                } else if (test_bit(NFS_IOHDR_NEED_COMMIT, &hdr->flags)) {
                        if (dreq->flags == NFS_ODIRECT_RESCHED_WRITES)
                                bit = NFS_IOHDR_NEED_RESCHED;
                        else if (dreq->flags == 0) {
                                memcpy(&dreq->verf, hdr->verf,
                                       sizeof(dreq->verf));
                                bit = NFS_IOHDR_NEED_COMMIT;
                                dreq->flags = NFS_ODIRECT_DO_COMMIT;
                        } else if (dreq->flags == NFS_ODIRECT_DO_COMMIT) {
                                if (memcmp(&dreq->verf, hdr->verf, sizeof(dreq->verf))) {
                                        dreq->flags = NFS_ODIRECT_RESCHED_WRITES;
                                        bit = NFS_IOHDR_NEED_RESCHED;
                                } else
                                        bit = NFS_IOHDR_NEED_COMMIT;
                        }
                }
        }
        spin_unlock(&dreq->lock);

        while (!list_empty(&hdr->pages)) {
                req = nfs_list_entry(hdr->pages.next);
                nfs_list_remove_request(req);
                switch (bit) {
                case NFS_IOHDR_NEED_RESCHED:
                case NFS_IOHDR_NEED_COMMIT:
                        kref_get(&req->wb_kref);
                        nfs_mark_request_commit(req, hdr->lseg, &cinfo);
                }
                nfs_unlock_and_release_request(req);
        }

out_put:
        if (put_dreq(dreq))
                nfs_direct_write_complete(dreq, hdr->inode);
        hdr->release(hdr);
}

static void nfs_write_sync_pgio_error(struct list_head *head)
{
        struct nfs_page *req;

        while (!list_empty(head)) {
                req = nfs_list_entry(head->next);
                nfs_list_remove_request(req);
                nfs_unlock_and_release_request(req);
        }
}

static const struct nfs_pgio_completion_ops nfs_direct_write_completion_ops = {
        .error_cleanup = nfs_write_sync_pgio_error,
        .init_hdr = nfs_direct_pgio_init,
        .completion = nfs_direct_write_completion,
};

static ssize_t nfs_direct_write_schedule_iovec(struct nfs_direct_req *dreq,
                                               const struct iovec *iov,
                                               unsigned long nr_segs,
                                               loff_t pos, bool uio)
{
        struct nfs_pageio_descriptor desc;
        struct inode *inode = dreq->inode;
        ssize_t result = 0;
        size_t requested_bytes = 0;
        unsigned long seg;

        NFS_PROTO(inode)->write_pageio_init(&desc, inode, FLUSH_COND_STABLE,
                              &nfs_direct_write_completion_ops);
        desc.pg_dreq = dreq;
        get_dreq(dreq);
        atomic_inc(&inode->i_dio_count);

        for (seg = 0; seg < nr_segs; seg++) {
                const struct iovec *vec = &iov[seg];
                result = nfs_direct_write_schedule_segment(&desc, vec, pos, uio);
                if (result < 0)
                        break;
                requested_bytes += result;
                if ((size_t)result < vec->iov_len)
                        break;
                pos += vec->iov_len;
        }
        nfs_pageio_complete(&desc);
        NFS_I(dreq->inode)->write_io += desc.pg_bytes_written;

        /*
         * If no bytes were started, return the error, and let the
         * generic layer handle the completion.
         */
        if (requested_bytes == 0) {
                inode_dio_done(inode);
                nfs_direct_req_release(dreq);
                return result < 0 ? result : -EIO;
        }

        if (put_dreq(dreq))
                nfs_direct_write_complete(dreq, dreq->inode);
        return 0;
}

static ssize_t nfs_direct_write(struct kiocb *iocb, const struct iovec *iov,
                                unsigned long nr_segs, loff_t pos,
                                size_t count, bool uio)
{
        ssize_t result = -ENOMEM;
        struct inode *inode = iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping->host;
        struct nfs_direct_req *dreq;

        dreq = nfs_direct_req_alloc();
        if (!dreq)
                goto out;

        dreq->inode = inode;
        dreq->ctx = get_nfs_open_context(nfs_file_open_context(iocb->ki_filp));
        dreq->l_ctx = nfs_get_lock_context(dreq->ctx);
        if (dreq->l_ctx == NULL)
                goto out_release;
        if (!is_sync_kiocb(iocb))
                dreq->iocb = iocb;

        result = nfs_direct_write_schedule_iovec(dreq, iov, nr_segs, pos, uio);
        if (!result)
                result = nfs_direct_wait(dreq);
out_release:
        nfs_direct_req_release(dreq);
out:
        return result;
}

/**
 * nfs_file_direct_read - file direct read operation for NFS files
 * @iocb: target I/O control block
 * @iov: vector of user buffers into which to read data
 * @nr_segs: size of iov vector
 * @pos: byte offset in file where reading starts
 *
 * We use this function for direct reads instead of calling
 * generic_file_aio_read() in order to avoid gfar's check to see if
 * the request starts before the end of the file.  For that check
 * to work, we must generate a GETATTR before each direct read, and
 * even then there is a window between the GETATTR and the subsequent
 * READ where the file size could change.  Our preference is simply
 * to do all reads the application wants, and the server will take
 * care of managing the end of file boundary.
 *
 * This function also eliminates unnecessarily updating the file's
 * atime locally, as the NFS server sets the file's atime, and this
 * client must read the updated atime from the server back into its
 * cache.
 */
ssize_t nfs_file_direct_read(struct kiocb *iocb, const struct iovec *iov,
                                unsigned long nr_segs, loff_t pos, bool uio)
{
        ssize_t retval = -EINVAL;
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
        size_t count;

        count = iov_length(iov, nr_segs);
        nfs_add_stats(mapping->host, NFSIOS_DIRECTREADBYTES, count);

        dfprintk(FILE, "NFS: direct read(%s/%s, %zd@%Ld)\n",
                file->f_path.dentry->d_parent->d_name.name,
                file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name,
                count, (long long) pos);

        retval = 0;
        if (!count)
                goto out;

        retval = nfs_sync_mapping(mapping);
        if (retval)
                goto out;

        task_io_account_read(count);

        retval = nfs_direct_read(iocb, iov, nr_segs, pos, uio);
        if (retval > 0)
                iocb->ki_pos = pos + retval;

out:
        return retval;
}

/**
 * nfs_file_direct_write - file direct write operation for NFS files
 * @iocb: target I/O control block
 * @iov: vector of user buffers from which to write data
 * @nr_segs: size of iov vector
 * @pos: byte offset in file where writing starts
 *
 * We use this function for direct writes instead of calling
 * generic_file_aio_write() in order to avoid taking the inode
 * semaphore and updating the i_size.  The NFS server will set
 * the new i_size and this client must read the updated size
 * back into its cache.  We let the server do generic write
 * parameter checking and report problems.
 *
 * We eliminate local atime updates, see direct read above.
 *
 * We avoid unnecessary page cache invalidations for normal cached
 * readers of this file.
 *
 * Note that O_APPEND is not supported for NFS direct writes, as there
 * is no atomic O_APPEND write facility in the NFS protocol.
 */
ssize_t nfs_file_direct_write(struct kiocb *iocb, const struct iovec *iov,
                                unsigned long nr_segs, loff_t pos, bool uio)
{
        ssize_t retval = -EINVAL;
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
        size_t count;

        count = iov_length(iov, nr_segs);
        nfs_add_stats(mapping->host, NFSIOS_DIRECTWRITTENBYTES, count);

        dfprintk(FILE, "NFS: direct write(%s/%s, %zd@%Ld)\n",
                file->f_path.dentry->d_parent->d_name.name,
                file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name,
                count, (long long) pos);

        retval = generic_write_checks(file, &pos, &count, 0);
        if (retval)
                goto out;

        retval = -EINVAL;
        if ((ssize_t) count < 0)
                goto out;
        retval = 0;
        if (!count)
                goto out;

        retval = nfs_sync_mapping(mapping);
        if (retval)
                goto out;

        task_io_account_write(count);

        retval = nfs_direct_write(iocb, iov, nr_segs, pos, count, uio);
        if (retval > 0) {
                struct inode *inode = mapping->host;

                iocb->ki_pos = pos + retval;
                spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
                if (i_size_read(inode) < iocb->ki_pos)
                        i_size_write(inode, iocb->ki_pos);
                spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
        }
out:
        return retval;
}

/**
 * nfs_init_directcache - create a slab cache for nfs_direct_req structures
 *

 */
int __init nfs_init_directcache(void)
{
        nfs_direct_cachep = kmem_cache_create("nfs_direct_cache",
                                                sizeof(struct nfs_direct_req),
                                                0, (SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT|
                                                        SLAB_MEM_SPREAD),
                                                NULL);
        if (nfs_direct_cachep == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;

        return 0;
}

/**
 * nfs_destroy_directcache - destroy the slab cache for nfs_direct_req structures
 *
 */
void nfs_destroy_directcache(void)
{
        kmem_cache_destroy(nfs_direct_cachep);
}