linux/init/main.c
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   1/*
   2 *  linux/init/main.c
   3 *
   4 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
   5 *
   6 *  GK 2/5/95  -  Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
   7 *  Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
   8 *  Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
   9 *  Simplified starting of init:  Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org> 
  10 */
  11
  12#include <linux/types.h>
  13#include <linux/module.h>
  14#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
  15#include <linux/kernel.h>
  16#include <linux/syscalls.h>
  17#include <linux/stackprotector.h>
  18#include <linux/string.h>
  19#include <linux/ctype.h>
  20#include <linux/delay.h>
  21#include <linux/ioport.h>
  22#include <linux/init.h>
  23#include <linux/initrd.h>
  24#include <linux/bootmem.h>
  25#include <linux/acpi.h>
  26#include <linux/tty.h>
  27#include <linux/percpu.h>
  28#include <linux/kmod.h>
  29#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
  30#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
  31#include <linux/start_kernel.h>
  32#include <linux/security.h>
  33#include <linux/smp.h>
  34#include <linux/profile.h>
  35#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
  36#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
  37#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
  38#include <linux/writeback.h>
  39#include <linux/cpu.h>
  40#include <linux/cpuset.h>
  41#include <linux/cgroup.h>
  42#include <linux/efi.h>
  43#include <linux/tick.h>
  44#include <linux/interrupt.h>
  45#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
  46#include <linux/delayacct.h>
  47#include <linux/unistd.h>
  48#include <linux/rmap.h>
  49#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
  50#include <linux/key.h>
  51#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
  52#include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
  53#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
  54#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
  55#include <linux/lockdep.h>
  56#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
  57#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
  58#include <linux/device.h>
  59#include <linux/kthread.h>
  60#include <linux/sched.h>
  61#include <linux/signal.h>
  62#include <linux/idr.h>
  63#include <linux/kgdb.h>
  64#include <linux/ftrace.h>
  65#include <linux/async.h>
  66#include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
  67#include <linux/sfi.h>
  68#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
  69#include <linux/slab.h>
  70
  71#include <asm/io.h>
  72#include <asm/bugs.h>
  73#include <asm/setup.h>
  74#include <asm/sections.h>
  75#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
  76
  77#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
  78#include <asm/smp.h>
  79#endif
  80
  81static int kernel_init(void *);
  82
  83extern void init_IRQ(void);
  84extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
  85extern void mca_init(void);
  86extern void sbus_init(void);
  87extern void prio_tree_init(void);
  88extern void radix_tree_init(void);
  89extern void free_initmem(void);
  90#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
  91static inline void mark_rodata_ro(void) { }
  92#endif
  93
  94#ifdef CONFIG_TC
  95extern void tc_init(void);
  96#endif
  97
  98enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
  99EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
 100
 101/*
 102 * Boot command-line arguments
 103 */
 104#define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
 105#define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
 106
 107extern void time_init(void);
 108/* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
 109void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
 110extern void softirq_init(void);
 111
 112/* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
 113char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
 114/* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
 115char *saved_command_line;
 116/* Command line for parameter parsing */
 117static char *static_command_line;
 118
 119static char *execute_command;
 120static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
 121
 122#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 123/* Setup configured maximum number of CPUs to activate */
 124unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
 125EXPORT_SYMBOL(setup_max_cpus);
 126
 127
 128/*
 129 * Setup routine for controlling SMP activation
 130 *
 131 * Command-line option of "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0" will disable SMP
 132 * activation entirely (the MPS table probe still happens, though).
 133 *
 134 * Command-line option of "maxcpus=<NUM>", where <NUM> is an integer
 135 * greater than 0, limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in
 136 * SMP mode to <NUM>.
 137 */
 138
 139void __weak arch_disable_smp_support(void) { }
 140
 141static int __init nosmp(char *str)
 142{
 143        setup_max_cpus = 0;
 144        arch_disable_smp_support();
 145
 146        return 0;
 147}
 148
 149early_param("nosmp", nosmp);
 150
 151/* this is hard limit */
 152static int __init nrcpus(char *str)
 153{
 154        int nr_cpus;
 155
 156        get_option(&str, &nr_cpus);
 157        if (nr_cpus > 0 && nr_cpus < nr_cpu_ids)
 158                nr_cpu_ids = nr_cpus;
 159
 160        return 0;
 161}
 162
 163early_param("nr_cpus", nrcpus);
 164
 165static int __init maxcpus(char *str)
 166{
 167        get_option(&str, &setup_max_cpus);
 168        if (setup_max_cpus == 0)
 169                arch_disable_smp_support();
 170
 171        return 0;
 172}
 173
 174early_param("maxcpus", maxcpus);
 175#else
 176static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
 177#endif
 178
 179/*
 180 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
 181 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
 182 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
 183 *
 184 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
 185 * For ex. kdump situaiton where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
 186 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
 187 */
 188unsigned int reset_devices;
 189EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
 190
 191static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
 192{
 193        reset_devices = 1;
 194        return 1;
 195}
 196
 197__setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
 198
 199static const char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
 200const char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
 201static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
 202
 203extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
 204
 205static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
 206{
 207        const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
 208        int had_early_param = 0;
 209
 210        p = __setup_start;
 211        do {
 212                int n = strlen(p->str);
 213                if (!strncmp(line, p->str, n)) {
 214                        if (p->early) {
 215                                /* Already done in parse_early_param?
 216                                 * (Needs exact match on param part).
 217                                 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
 218                                 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
 219                                if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
 220                                        had_early_param = 1;
 221                        } else if (!p->setup_func) {
 222                                printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
 223                                       " ignored\n", p->str);
 224                                return 1;
 225                        } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
 226                                return 1;
 227                }
 228                p++;
 229        } while (p < __setup_end);
 230
 231        return had_early_param;
 232}
 233
 234/*
 235 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
 236 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
 237 */
 238unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
 239
 240EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
 241
 242static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
 243{
 244        console_loglevel = 10;
 245        return 0;
 246}
 247
 248static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
 249{
 250        console_loglevel = 4;
 251        return 0;
 252}
 253
 254early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
 255early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
 256
 257static int __init loglevel(char *str)
 258{
 259        get_option(&str, &console_loglevel);
 260        return 0;
 261}
 262
 263early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
 264
 265/*
 266 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
 267 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
 268 */
 269static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val)
 270{
 271        /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
 272        if (val) {
 273                /* param=val or param="val"? */
 274                if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
 275                        val[-1] = '=';
 276                else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
 277                        val[-2] = '=';
 278                        memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
 279                        val--;
 280                } else
 281                        BUG();
 282        }
 283
 284        /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
 285        if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
 286                return 0;
 287
 288        /* Unused module parameter. */
 289        if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val))
 290                return 0;
 291
 292        if (panic_later)
 293                return 0;
 294
 295        if (val) {
 296                /* Environment option */
 297                unsigned int i;
 298                for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
 299                        if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
 300                                panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
 301                                panic_param = param;
 302                        }
 303                        if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
 304                                break;
 305                }
 306                envp_init[i] = param;
 307        } else {
 308                /* Command line option */
 309                unsigned int i;
 310                for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
 311                        if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
 312                                panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
 313                                panic_param = param;
 314                        }
 315                }
 316                argv_init[i] = param;
 317        }
 318        return 0;
 319}
 320
 321#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
 322int __read_mostly debug_pagealloc_enabled = 0;
 323#endif
 324
 325static int __init init_setup(char *str)
 326{
 327        unsigned int i;
 328
 329        execute_command = str;
 330        /*
 331         * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
 332         * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
 333         * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
 334         * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
 335         */
 336        for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
 337                argv_init[i] = NULL;
 338        return 1;
 339}
 340__setup("init=", init_setup);
 341
 342static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
 343{
 344        unsigned int i;
 345
 346        ramdisk_execute_command = str;
 347        /* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
 348        for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
 349                argv_init[i] = NULL;
 350        return 1;
 351}
 352__setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
 353
 354#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
 355
 356#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
 357static void __init smp_init(void)
 358{
 359        APIC_init_uniprocessor();
 360}
 361#else
 362#define smp_init()      do { } while (0)
 363#endif
 364
 365static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
 366static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
 367
 368#else
 369
 370/* Setup number of possible processor ids */
 371int nr_cpu_ids __read_mostly = NR_CPUS;
 372EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_cpu_ids);
 373
 374/* An arch may set nr_cpu_ids earlier if needed, so this would be redundant */
 375static void __init setup_nr_cpu_ids(void)
 376{
 377        nr_cpu_ids = find_last_bit(cpumask_bits(cpu_possible_mask),NR_CPUS) + 1;
 378}
 379
 380/* Called by boot processor to activate the rest. */
 381static void __init smp_init(void)
 382{
 383        unsigned int cpu;
 384
 385        /* FIXME: This should be done in userspace --RR */
 386        for_each_present_cpu(cpu) {
 387                if (num_online_cpus() >= setup_max_cpus)
 388                        break;
 389                if (!cpu_online(cpu))
 390                        cpu_up(cpu);
 391        }
 392
 393        /* Any cleanup work */
 394        printk(KERN_INFO "Brought up %ld CPUs\n", (long)num_online_cpus());
 395        smp_cpus_done(setup_max_cpus);
 396}
 397
 398#endif
 399
 400/*
 401 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
 402 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
 403 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
 404 * store reference of name/value for future reference.
 405 */
 406static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
 407{
 408        saved_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (boot_command_line)+1);
 409        static_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (command_line)+1);
 410        strcpy (saved_command_line, boot_command_line);
 411        strcpy (static_command_line, command_line);
 412}
 413
 414/*
 415 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
 416 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
 417 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
 418 * cpu_idle.
 419 *
 420 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
 421 */
 422
 423static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
 424
 425static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
 426{
 427        int pid;
 428
 429        rcu_scheduler_starting();
 430        /*
 431         * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
 432         * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
 433         * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
 434         */
 435        kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
 436        numa_default_policy();
 437        pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
 438        rcu_read_lock();
 439        kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
 440        rcu_read_unlock();
 441        complete(&kthreadd_done);
 442
 443        /*
 444         * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
 445         * at least once to get things moving:
 446         */
 447        init_idle_bootup_task(current);
 448        preempt_enable_no_resched();
 449        schedule();
 450        preempt_disable();
 451
 452        /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
 453        cpu_idle();
 454}
 455
 456/* Check for early params. */
 457static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val)
 458{
 459        const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
 460
 461        for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
 462                if ((p->early && strcmp(param, p->str) == 0) ||
 463                    (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
 464                     strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
 465                ) {
 466                        if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
 467                                printk(KERN_WARNING
 468                                       "Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
 469                }
 470        }
 471        /* We accept everything at this stage. */
 472        return 0;
 473}
 474
 475void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
 476{
 477        parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, do_early_param);
 478}
 479
 480/* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
 481void __init parse_early_param(void)
 482{
 483        static __initdata int done = 0;
 484        static __initdata char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
 485
 486        if (done)
 487                return;
 488
 489        /* All fall through to do_early_param. */
 490        strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
 491        parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
 492        done = 1;
 493}
 494
 495/*
 496 *      Activate the first processor.
 497 */
 498
 499static void __init boot_cpu_init(void)
 500{
 501        int cpu = smp_processor_id();
 502        /* Mark the boot cpu "present", "online" etc for SMP and UP case */
 503        set_cpu_online(cpu, true);
 504        set_cpu_active(cpu, true);
 505        set_cpu_present(cpu, true);
 506        set_cpu_possible(cpu, true);
 507}
 508
 509void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
 510{
 511}
 512
 513void __init __weak thread_info_cache_init(void)
 514{
 515}
 516
 517/*
 518 * Set up kernel memory allocators
 519 */
 520static void __init mm_init(void)
 521{
 522        /*
 523         * page_cgroup requires countinous pages as memmap
 524         * and it's bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
 525         */
 526        page_cgroup_init_flatmem();
 527        mem_init();
 528        kmem_cache_init();
 529        percpu_init_late();
 530        pgtable_cache_init();
 531        vmalloc_init();
 532}
 533
 534asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
 535{
 536        char * command_line;
 537        extern const struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
 538
 539        smp_setup_processor_id();
 540
 541        /*
 542         * Need to run as early as possible, to initialize the
 543         * lockdep hash:
 544         */
 545        lockdep_init();
 546        debug_objects_early_init();
 547
 548        /*
 549         * Set up the the initial canary ASAP:
 550         */
 551        boot_init_stack_canary();
 552
 553        cgroup_init_early();
 554
 555        local_irq_disable();
 556        early_boot_irqs_off();
 557
 558/*
 559 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
 560 * enable them
 561 */
 562        tick_init();
 563        boot_cpu_init();
 564        page_address_init();
 565        printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s", linux_banner);
 566        setup_arch(&command_line);
 567        mm_init_owner(&init_mm, &init_task);
 568        setup_command_line(command_line);
 569        setup_nr_cpu_ids();
 570        setup_per_cpu_areas();
 571        smp_prepare_boot_cpu(); /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
 572
 573        build_all_zonelists(NULL);
 574        page_alloc_init();
 575
 576        printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
 577        parse_early_param();
 578        parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
 579                   __stop___param - __start___param,
 580                   &unknown_bootoption);
 581        /*
 582         * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
 583         * kmem_cache_init()
 584         */
 585        pidhash_init();
 586        vfs_caches_init_early();
 587        sort_main_extable();
 588        trap_init();
 589        mm_init();
 590        /*
 591         * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
 592         * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
 593         * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
 594         */
 595        sched_init();
 596        /*
 597         * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
 598         * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
 599         */
 600        preempt_disable();
 601        if (!irqs_disabled()) {
 602                printk(KERN_WARNING "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
 603                                "enabled *very* early, fixing it\n");
 604                local_irq_disable();
 605        }
 606        rcu_init();
 607        radix_tree_init();
 608        /* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
 609        early_irq_init();
 610        init_IRQ();
 611        prio_tree_init();
 612        init_timers();
 613        hrtimers_init();
 614        softirq_init();
 615        timekeeping_init();
 616        time_init();
 617        profile_init();
 618        if (!irqs_disabled())
 619                printk(KERN_CRIT "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
 620                                 "enabled early\n");
 621        early_boot_irqs_on();
 622        local_irq_enable();
 623
 624        /* Interrupts are enabled now so all GFP allocations are safe. */
 625        gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
 626
 627        kmem_cache_init_late();
 628
 629        /*
 630         * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
 631         * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
 632         * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
 633         */
 634        console_init();
 635        if (panic_later)
 636                panic(panic_later, panic_param);
 637
 638        lockdep_info();
 639
 640        /*
 641         * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
 642         * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
 643         * too:
 644         */
 645        locking_selftest();
 646
 647#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
 648        if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
 649            page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
 650                printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
 651                    "disabling it.\n",
 652                    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
 653                    min_low_pfn);
 654                initrd_start = 0;
 655        }
 656#endif
 657        page_cgroup_init();
 658        enable_debug_pagealloc();
 659        kmemleak_init();
 660        debug_objects_mem_init();
 661        idr_init_cache();
 662        setup_per_cpu_pageset();
 663        numa_policy_init();
 664        if (late_time_init)
 665                late_time_init();
 666        sched_clock_init();
 667        calibrate_delay();
 668        pidmap_init();
 669        anon_vma_init();
 670#ifdef CONFIG_X86
 671        if (efi_enabled)
 672                efi_enter_virtual_mode();
 673#endif
 674        thread_info_cache_init();
 675        cred_init();
 676        fork_init(totalram_pages);
 677        proc_caches_init();
 678        buffer_init();
 679        key_init();
 680        security_init();
 681        dbg_late_init();
 682        vfs_caches_init(totalram_pages);
 683        signals_init();
 684        /* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
 685        page_writeback_init();
 686#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
 687        proc_root_init();
 688#endif
 689        cgroup_init();
 690        cpuset_init();
 691        taskstats_init_early();
 692        delayacct_init();
 693
 694        check_bugs();
 695
 696        acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
 697        sfi_init_late();
 698
 699        ftrace_init();
 700
 701        /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
 702        rest_init();
 703}
 704
 705/* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
 706static void __init do_ctors(void)
 707{
 708#ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
 709        ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
 710
 711        for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
 712                (*fn)();
 713#endif
 714}
 715
 716int initcall_debug;
 717core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
 718
 719static char msgbuf[64];
 720
 721static int __init_or_module do_one_initcall_debug(initcall_t fn)
 722{
 723        ktime_t calltime, delta, rettime;
 724        unsigned long long duration;
 725        int ret;
 726
 727        printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling  %pF @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
 728        calltime = ktime_get();
 729        ret = fn();
 730        rettime = ktime_get();
 731        delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
 732        duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
 733        printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pF returned %d after %lld usecs\n", fn,
 734                ret, duration);
 735
 736        return ret;
 737}
 738
 739int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
 740{
 741        int count = preempt_count();
 742        int ret;
 743
 744        if (initcall_debug)
 745                ret = do_one_initcall_debug(fn);
 746        else
 747                ret = fn();
 748
 749        msgbuf[0] = 0;
 750
 751        if (ret && ret != -ENODEV && initcall_debug)
 752                sprintf(msgbuf, "error code %d ", ret);
 753
 754        if (preempt_count() != count) {
 755                strlcat(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ", sizeof(msgbuf));
 756                preempt_count() = count;
 757        }
 758        if (irqs_disabled()) {
 759                strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
 760                local_irq_enable();
 761        }
 762        if (msgbuf[0]) {
 763                printk("initcall %pF returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
 764        }
 765
 766        return ret;
 767}
 768
 769
 770extern initcall_t __initcall_start[], __initcall_end[], __early_initcall_end[];
 771
 772static void __init do_initcalls(void)
 773{
 774        initcall_t *fn;
 775
 776        for (fn = __early_initcall_end; fn < __initcall_end; fn++)
 777                do_one_initcall(*fn);
 778
 779        /* Make sure there is no pending stuff from the initcall sequence */
 780        flush_scheduled_work();
 781}
 782
 783/*
 784 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
 785 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
 786 * running, and memory and process management works.
 787 *
 788 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
 789 */
 790static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
 791{
 792        cpuset_init_smp();
 793        usermodehelper_init();
 794        init_tmpfs();
 795        driver_init();
 796        init_irq_proc();
 797        do_ctors();
 798        do_initcalls();
 799}
 800
 801static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
 802{
 803        initcall_t *fn;
 804
 805        for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __early_initcall_end; fn++)
 806                do_one_initcall(*fn);
 807}
 808
 809static void run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
 810{
 811        argv_init[0] = init_filename;
 812        kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
 813}
 814
 815/* This is a non __init function. Force it to be noinline otherwise gcc
 816 * makes it inline to init() and it becomes part of init.text section
 817 */
 818static noinline int init_post(void)
 819{
 820        /* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
 821        async_synchronize_full();
 822        free_initmem();
 823        mark_rodata_ro();
 824        system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
 825        numa_default_policy();
 826
 827
 828        current->signal->flags |= SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE;
 829
 830        if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
 831                run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
 832                printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
 833                                ramdisk_execute_command);
 834        }
 835
 836        /*
 837         * We try each of these until one succeeds.
 838         *
 839         * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
 840         * trying to recover a really broken machine.
 841         */
 842        if (execute_command) {
 843                run_init_process(execute_command);
 844                printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s.  Attempting "
 845                                        "defaults...\n", execute_command);
 846        }
 847        run_init_process("/sbin/init");
 848        run_init_process("/etc/init");
 849        run_init_process("/bin/init");
 850        run_init_process("/bin/sh");
 851
 852        panic("No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "
 853              "See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.");
 854}
 855
 856static int __init kernel_init(void * unused)
 857{
 858        /*
 859         * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
 860         */
 861        wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
 862        /*
 863         * init can allocate pages on any node
 864         */
 865        set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]);
 866        /*
 867         * init can run on any cpu.
 868         */
 869        set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpu_all_mask);
 870        /*
 871         * Tell the world that we're going to be the grim
 872         * reaper of innocent orphaned children.
 873         *
 874         * We don't want people to have to make incorrect
 875         * assumptions about where in the task array this
 876         * can be found.
 877         */
 878        init_pid_ns.child_reaper = current;
 879
 880        cad_pid = task_pid(current);
 881
 882        smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
 883
 884        do_pre_smp_initcalls();
 885
 886        smp_init();
 887        sched_init_smp();
 888
 889        do_basic_setup();
 890
 891        /* Open the /dev/console on the rootfs, this should never fail */
 892        if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
 893                printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
 894
 895        (void) sys_dup(0);
 896        (void) sys_dup(0);
 897        /*
 898         * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
 899         * the work
 900         */
 901
 902        if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
 903                ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
 904
 905        if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
 906                ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
 907                prepare_namespace();
 908        }
 909
 910        /*
 911         * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
 912         * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
 913         * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
 914         */
 915
 916        init_post();
 917        return 0;
 918}
 919
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