/*
 *  Digital Audio (PCM) abstract layer
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *
 *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *   (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 *
 */

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/pm_qos_params.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <sound/core.h>
#include <sound/control.h>
#include <sound/info.h>
#include <sound/pcm.h>
#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
#include <sound/timer.h>
#include <sound/minors.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#if defined(CONFIG_MIPS) && defined(CONFIG_DMA_NONCOHERENT)
#include <dma-coherence.h>
#endif

/*
 *  Compatibility
 */

struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old {
        unsigned int flags;
        unsigned int masks[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SUBFORMAT -
                           SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_ACCESS + 1];
        struct snd_interval intervals[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_TICK_TIME -
                                        SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS + 1];
        unsigned int rmask;
        unsigned int cmask;
        unsigned int info;
        unsigned int msbits;
        unsigned int rate_num;
        unsigned int rate_den;
        snd_pcm_uframes_t fifo_size;
        unsigned char reserved[64];
};

#ifdef CONFIG_SND_SUPPORT_OLD_API
#define SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_REFINE_OLD _IOWR('A', 0x10, struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old)
#define SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_PARAMS_OLD _IOWR('A', 0x11, struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old)

static int snd_pcm_hw_refine_old_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                      struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old __user * _oparams);
static int snd_pcm_hw_params_old_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                      struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old __user * _oparams);
#endif
static int snd_pcm_open(struct file *file, struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream);

/*
 *
 */

DEFINE_RWLOCK(snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_link_rwlock);

static DECLARE_RWSEM(snd_pcm_link_rwsem);

static inline mm_segment_t snd_enter_user(void)
{
        mm_segment_t fs = get_fs();
        set_fs(get_ds());
        return fs;
}

static inline void snd_leave_user(mm_segment_t fs)
{
        set_fs(fs);
}



int snd_pcm_info(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, struct snd_pcm_info *info)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        struct snd_pcm *pcm = substream->pcm;
        struct snd_pcm_str *pstr = substream->pstr;

        memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info));
        info->card = pcm->card->number;
        info->device = pcm->device;
        info->stream = substream->stream;
        info->subdevice = substream->number;
        strlcpy(info->id, pcm->id, sizeof(info->id));
        strlcpy(info->name, pcm->name, sizeof(info->name));
        info->dev_class = pcm->dev_class;
        info->dev_subclass = pcm->dev_subclass;
        info->subdevices_count = pstr->substream_count;
        info->subdevices_avail = pstr->substream_count - pstr->substream_opened;
        strlcpy(info->subname, substream->name, sizeof(info->subname));
        runtime = substream->runtime;
        /* AB: FIXME!!! This is definitely nonsense */
        if (runtime) {
                info->sync = runtime->sync;
                substream->ops->ioctl(substream, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL1_INFO, info);
        }
        return 0;
}

int snd_pcm_info_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                      struct snd_pcm_info __user * _info)
{
        struct snd_pcm_info *info;
        int err;

        info = kmalloc(sizeof(*info), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (! info)
                return -ENOMEM;
        err = snd_pcm_info(substream, info);
        if (err >= 0) {
                if (copy_to_user(_info, info, sizeof(*info)))
                        err = -EFAULT;
        }
        kfree(info);
        return err;
}

#undef RULES_DEBUG

#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
#define HW_PARAM(v) [SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_##v] = #v
char *snd_pcm_hw_param_names[] = {
        HW_PARAM(ACCESS),
        HW_PARAM(FORMAT),
        HW_PARAM(SUBFORMAT),
        HW_PARAM(SAMPLE_BITS),
        HW_PARAM(FRAME_BITS),
        HW_PARAM(CHANNELS),
        HW_PARAM(RATE),
        HW_PARAM(PERIOD_TIME),
        HW_PARAM(PERIOD_SIZE),
        HW_PARAM(PERIOD_BYTES),
        HW_PARAM(PERIODS),
        HW_PARAM(BUFFER_TIME),
        HW_PARAM(BUFFER_SIZE),
        HW_PARAM(BUFFER_BYTES),
        HW_PARAM(TICK_TIME),
};
#endif

int snd_pcm_hw_refine(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 
                      struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
{
        unsigned int k;
        struct snd_pcm_hardware *hw;
        struct snd_interval *i = NULL;
        struct snd_mask *m = NULL;
        struct snd_pcm_hw_constraints *constrs = &substream->runtime->hw_constraints;
        unsigned int rstamps[constrs->rules_num];
        unsigned int vstamps[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_INTERVAL + 1];
        unsigned int stamp = 2;
        int changed, again;

        params->info = 0;
        params->fifo_size = 0;
        if (params->rmask & (1 << SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS))
                params->msbits = 0;
        if (params->rmask & (1 << SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE)) {
                params->rate_num = 0;
                params->rate_den = 0;
        }

        for (k = SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_MASK; k <= SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_MASK; k++) {
                m = hw_param_mask(params, k);
                if (snd_mask_empty(m))
                        return -EINVAL;
                if (!(params->rmask & (1 << k)))
                        continue;
#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
                printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s = ", snd_pcm_hw_param_names[k]);
                printk("%04x%04x%04x%04x -> ", m->bits[3], m->bits[2], m->bits[1], m->bits[0]);
#endif
                changed = snd_mask_refine(m, constrs_mask(constrs, k));
#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
                printk("%04x%04x%04x%04x\n", m->bits[3], m->bits[2], m->bits[1], m->bits[0]);
#endif
                if (changed)
                        params->cmask |= 1 << k;
                if (changed < 0)
                        return changed;
        }

        for (k = SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_INTERVAL; k <= SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_INTERVAL; k++) {
                i = hw_param_interval(params, k);
                if (snd_interval_empty(i))
                        return -EINVAL;
                if (!(params->rmask & (1 << k)))
                        continue;
#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
                printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s = ", snd_pcm_hw_param_names[k]);
                if (i->empty)
                        printk("empty");
                else
                        printk("%c%u %u%c", 
                               i->openmin ? '(' : '[', i->min,
                               i->max, i->openmax ? ')' : ']');
                printk(" -> ");
#endif
                changed = snd_interval_refine(i, constrs_interval(constrs, k));
#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
                if (i->empty)
                        printk("empty\n");
                else 
                        printk("%c%u %u%c\n", 
                               i->openmin ? '(' : '[', i->min,
                               i->max, i->openmax ? ')' : ']');
#endif
                if (changed)
                        params->cmask |= 1 << k;
                if (changed < 0)
                        return changed;
        }

        for (k = 0; k < constrs->rules_num; k++)
                rstamps[k] = 0;
        for (k = 0; k <= SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_INTERVAL; k++) 
                vstamps[k] = (params->rmask & (1 << k)) ? 1 : 0;
        do {
                again = 0;
                for (k = 0; k < constrs->rules_num; k++) {
                        struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *r = &constrs->rules[k];
                        unsigned int d;
                        int doit = 0;
                        if (r->cond && !(r->cond & params->flags))
                                continue;
                        for (d = 0; r->deps[d] >= 0; d++) {
                                if (vstamps[r->deps[d]] > rstamps[k]) {
                                        doit = 1;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                        if (!doit)
                                continue;
#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
                        printk(KERN_DEBUG "Rule %d [%p]: ", k, r->func);
                        if (r->var >= 0) {
                                printk("%s = ", snd_pcm_hw_param_names[r->var]);
                                if (hw_is_mask(r->var)) {
                                        m = hw_param_mask(params, r->var);
                                        printk("%x", *m->bits);
                                } else {
                                        i = hw_param_interval(params, r->var);
                                        if (i->empty)
                                                printk("empty");
                                        else
                                                printk("%c%u %u%c", 
                                                       i->openmin ? '(' : '[', i->min,
                                                       i->max, i->openmax ? ')' : ']');
                                }
                        }
#endif
                        changed = r->func(params, r);
#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
                        if (r->var >= 0) {
                                printk(" -> ");
                                if (hw_is_mask(r->var))
                                        printk("%x", *m->bits);
                                else {
                                        if (i->empty)
                                                printk("empty");
                                        else
                                                printk("%c%u %u%c", 
                                                       i->openmin ? '(' : '[', i->min,
                                                       i->max, i->openmax ? ')' : ']');
                                }
                        }
                        printk("\n");
#endif
                        rstamps[k] = stamp;
                        if (changed && r->var >= 0) {
                                params->cmask |= (1 << r->var);
                                vstamps[r->var] = stamp;
                                again = 1;
                        }
                        if (changed < 0)
                                return changed;
                        stamp++;
                }
        } while (again);
        if (!params->msbits) {
                i = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS);
                if (snd_interval_single(i))
                        params->msbits = snd_interval_value(i);
        }

        if (!params->rate_den) {
                i = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
                if (snd_interval_single(i)) {
                        params->rate_num = snd_interval_value(i);
                        params->rate_den = 1;
                }
        }

        hw = &substream->runtime->hw;
        if (!params->info)
                params->info = hw->info & ~SNDRV_PCM_INFO_FIFO_IN_FRAMES;
        if (!params->fifo_size) {
                m = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
                i = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
                if (snd_mask_min(m) == snd_mask_max(m) &&
                    snd_interval_min(i) == snd_interval_max(i)) {
                        changed = substream->ops->ioctl(substream,
                                        SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL1_FIFO_SIZE, params);
                        if (changed < 0)
                                return changed;
                }
        }
        params->rmask = 0;
        return 0;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_hw_refine);

static int snd_pcm_hw_refine_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                  struct snd_pcm_hw_params __user * _params)
{
        struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params;
        int err;

        params = memdup_user(_params, sizeof(*params));
        if (IS_ERR(params))
                return PTR_ERR(params);

        err = snd_pcm_hw_refine(substream, params);
        if (copy_to_user(_params, params, sizeof(*params))) {
                if (!err)
                        err = -EFAULT;
        }

        kfree(params);
        return err;
}

static int period_to_usecs(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
{
        int usecs;

        if (! runtime->rate)
                return -1; /* invalid */

        /* take 75% of period time as the deadline */
        usecs = (750000 / runtime->rate) * runtime->period_size;
        usecs += ((750000 % runtime->rate) * runtime->period_size) /
                runtime->rate;

        return usecs;
}

static int snd_pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                             struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        int err, usecs;
        unsigned int bits;
        snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;

        if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
                break;
        default:
                snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
                return -EBADFD;
        }
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
#if defined(CONFIG_SND_PCM_OSS) || defined(CONFIG_SND_PCM_OSS_MODULE)
        if (!substream->oss.oss)
#endif
                if (atomic_read(&substream->mmap_count))
                        return -EBADFD;

        params->rmask = ~0U;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_refine(substream, params);
        if (err < 0)
                goto _error;

        err = snd_pcm_hw_params_choose(substream, params);
        if (err < 0)
                goto _error;

        if (substream->ops->hw_params != NULL) {
                err = substream->ops->hw_params(substream, params);
                if (err < 0)
                        goto _error;
        }

        runtime->access = params_access(params);
        runtime->format = params_format(params);
        runtime->subformat = params_subformat(params);
        runtime->channels = params_channels(params);
        runtime->rate = params_rate(params);
        runtime->period_size = params_period_size(params);
        runtime->periods = params_periods(params);
        runtime->buffer_size = params_buffer_size(params);
        runtime->info = params->info;
        runtime->rate_num = params->rate_num;
        runtime->rate_den = params->rate_den;

        bits = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(runtime->format);
        runtime->sample_bits = bits;
        bits *= runtime->channels;
        runtime->frame_bits = bits;
        frames = 1;
        while (bits % 8 != 0) {
                bits *= 2;
                frames *= 2;
        }
        runtime->byte_align = bits / 8;
        runtime->min_align = frames;

        /* Default sw params */
        runtime->tstamp_mode = SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_NONE;
        runtime->period_step = 1;
        runtime->control->avail_min = runtime->period_size;
        runtime->start_threshold = 1;
        runtime->stop_threshold = runtime->buffer_size;
        runtime->silence_threshold = 0;
        runtime->silence_size = 0;
        runtime->boundary = runtime->buffer_size;
        while (runtime->boundary * 2 <= LONG_MAX - runtime->buffer_size)
                runtime->boundary *= 2;

        snd_pcm_timer_resolution_change(substream);
        runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP;

        if (pm_qos_request_active(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req))
                pm_qos_remove_request(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req);
        if ((usecs = period_to_usecs(runtime)) >= 0)
                pm_qos_add_request(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req,
                                   PM_QOS_CPU_DMA_LATENCY, usecs);
        return 0;
 _error:
        /* hardware might be unuseable from this time,
           so we force application to retry to set
           the correct hardware parameter settings */
        runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN;
        if (substream->ops->hw_free != NULL)
                substream->ops->hw_free(substream);
        return err;
}

static int snd_pcm_hw_params_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                  struct snd_pcm_hw_params __user * _params)
{
        struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params;
        int err;

        params = memdup_user(_params, sizeof(*params));
        if (IS_ERR(params))
                return PTR_ERR(params);

        err = snd_pcm_hw_params(substream, params);
        if (copy_to_user(_params, params, sizeof(*params))) {
                if (!err)
                        err = -EFAULT;
        }

        kfree(params);
        return err;
}

static int snd_pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        int result = 0;

        if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
                break;
        default:
                snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
                return -EBADFD;
        }
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        if (atomic_read(&substream->mmap_count))
                return -EBADFD;
        if (substream->ops->hw_free)
                result = substream->ops->hw_free(substream);
        runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN;
        pm_qos_remove_request(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req);
        return result;
}

static int snd_pcm_sw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                             struct snd_pcm_sw_params *params)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        int err;

        if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
                snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
                return -EBADFD;
        }
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);

        if (params->tstamp_mode > SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_LAST)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (params->avail_min == 0)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (params->silence_size >= runtime->boundary) {
                if (params->silence_threshold != 0)
                        return -EINVAL;
        } else {
                if (params->silence_size > params->silence_threshold)
                        return -EINVAL;
                if (params->silence_threshold > runtime->buffer_size)
                        return -EINVAL;
        }
        err = 0;
        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        runtime->tstamp_mode = params->tstamp_mode;
        runtime->period_step = params->period_step;
        runtime->control->avail_min = params->avail_min;
        runtime->start_threshold = params->start_threshold;
        runtime->stop_threshold = params->stop_threshold;
        runtime->silence_threshold = params->silence_threshold;
        runtime->silence_size = params->silence_size;
        params->boundary = runtime->boundary;
        if (snd_pcm_running(substream)) {
                if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
                    runtime->silence_size > 0)
                        snd_pcm_playback_silence(substream, ULONG_MAX);
                err = snd_pcm_update_state(substream, runtime);
        }
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        return err;
}

static int snd_pcm_sw_params_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                  struct snd_pcm_sw_params __user * _params)
{
        struct snd_pcm_sw_params params;
        int err;
        if (copy_from_user(&params, _params, sizeof(params)))
                return -EFAULT;
        err = snd_pcm_sw_params(substream, &params);
        if (copy_to_user(_params, &params, sizeof(params)))
                return -EFAULT;
        return err;
}

int snd_pcm_status(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                   struct snd_pcm_status *status)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        status->state = runtime->status->state;
        status->suspended_state = runtime->status->suspended_state;
        if (status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
                goto _end;
        status->trigger_tstamp = runtime->trigger_tstamp;
        if (snd_pcm_running(substream)) {
                snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream);
                if (runtime->tstamp_mode == SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE) {
                        status->tstamp = runtime->status->tstamp;
                        goto _tstamp_end;
                }
        }
        snd_pcm_gettime(runtime, &status->tstamp);
 _tstamp_end:
        status->appl_ptr = runtime->control->appl_ptr;
        status->hw_ptr = runtime->status->hw_ptr;
        if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
                status->avail = snd_pcm_playback_avail(runtime);
                if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING ||
                    runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING) {
                        status->delay = runtime->buffer_size - status->avail;
                        status->delay += runtime->delay;
                } else
                        status->delay = 0;
        } else {
                status->avail = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
                if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
                        status->delay = status->avail + runtime->delay;
                else
                        status->delay = 0;
        }
        status->avail_max = runtime->avail_max;
        status->overrange = runtime->overrange;
        runtime->avail_max = 0;
        runtime->overrange = 0;
 _end:
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        return 0;
}

static int snd_pcm_status_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                               struct snd_pcm_status __user * _status)
{
        struct snd_pcm_status status;
        int res;
        
        memset(&status, 0, sizeof(status));
        res = snd_pcm_status(substream, &status);
        if (res < 0)
                return res;
        if (copy_to_user(_status, &status, sizeof(status)))
                return -EFAULT;
        return 0;
}

static int snd_pcm_channel_info(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                struct snd_pcm_channel_info * info)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        unsigned int channel;
        
        channel = info->channel;
        runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
                snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
                return -EBADFD;
        }
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        if (channel >= runtime->channels)
                return -EINVAL;
        memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info));
        info->channel = channel;
        return substream->ops->ioctl(substream, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL1_CHANNEL_INFO, info);
}

static int snd_pcm_channel_info_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                     struct snd_pcm_channel_info __user * _info)
{
        struct snd_pcm_channel_info info;
        int res;
        
        if (copy_from_user(&info, _info, sizeof(info)))
                return -EFAULT;
        res = snd_pcm_channel_info(substream, &info);
        if (res < 0)
                return res;
        if (copy_to_user(_info, &info, sizeof(info)))
                return -EFAULT;
        return 0;
}

static void snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->trigger_master == NULL)
                return;
        if (runtime->trigger_master == substream) {
                snd_pcm_gettime(runtime, &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
        } else {
                snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(runtime->trigger_master);
                runtime->trigger_tstamp = runtime->trigger_master->runtime->trigger_tstamp;
        }
        runtime->trigger_master = NULL;
}

struct action_ops {
        int (*pre_action)(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state);
        int (*do_action)(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state);
        void (*undo_action)(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state);
        void (*post_action)(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state);
};

/*
 *  this functions is core for handling of linked stream
 *  Note: the stream state might be changed also on failure
 *  Note2: call with calling stream lock + link lock
 */
static int snd_pcm_action_group(struct action_ops *ops,
                                struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                int state, int do_lock)
{
        struct snd_pcm_substream *s = NULL;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *s1;
        int res = 0;

        snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
                if (do_lock && s != substream)
                        spin_lock_nested(&s->self_group.lock,
                                         SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
                res = ops->pre_action(s, state);
                if (res < 0)
                        goto _unlock;
        }
        snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
                res = ops->do_action(s, state);
                if (res < 0) {
                        if (ops->undo_action) {
                                snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s1, substream) {
                                        if (s1 == s) /* failed stream */
                                                break;
                                        ops->undo_action(s1, state);
                                }
                        }
                        s = NULL; /* unlock all */
                        goto _unlock;
                }
        }
        snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
                ops->post_action(s, state);
        }
 _unlock:
        if (do_lock) {
                /* unlock streams */
                snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s1, substream) {
                        if (s1 != substream)
                                spin_unlock(&s1->self_group.lock);
                        if (s1 == s)    /* end */
                                break;
                }
        }
        return res;
}

/*
 *  Note: call with stream lock
 */
static int snd_pcm_action_single(struct action_ops *ops,
                                 struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                 int state)
{
        int res;
        
        res = ops->pre_action(substream, state);
        if (res < 0)
                return res;
        res = ops->do_action(substream, state);
        if (res == 0)
                ops->post_action(substream, state);
        else if (ops->undo_action)
                ops->undo_action(substream, state);
        return res;
}

/*
 *  Note: call with stream lock
 */
static int snd_pcm_action(struct action_ops *ops,
                          struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                          int state)
{
        int res;

        if (snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream)) {
                if (!spin_trylock(&substream->group->lock)) {
                        spin_unlock(&substream->self_group.lock);
                        spin_lock(&substream->group->lock);
                        spin_lock(&substream->self_group.lock);
                }
                res = snd_pcm_action_group(ops, substream, state, 1);
                spin_unlock(&substream->group->lock);
        } else {
                res = snd_pcm_action_single(ops, substream, state);
        }
        return res;
}

/*
 *  Note: don't use any locks before
 */
static int snd_pcm_action_lock_irq(struct action_ops *ops,
                                   struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                   int state)
{
        int res;

        read_lock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
        if (snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream)) {
                spin_lock(&substream->group->lock);
                spin_lock(&substream->self_group.lock);
                res = snd_pcm_action_group(ops, substream, state, 1);
                spin_unlock(&substream->self_group.lock);
                spin_unlock(&substream->group->lock);
        } else {
                spin_lock(&substream->self_group.lock);
                res = snd_pcm_action_single(ops, substream, state);
                spin_unlock(&substream->self_group.lock);
        }
        read_unlock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
        return res;
}

/*
 */
static int snd_pcm_action_nonatomic(struct action_ops *ops,
                                    struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                    int state)
{
        int res;

        down_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
        if (snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream))
                res = snd_pcm_action_group(ops, substream, state, 0);
        else
                res = snd_pcm_action_single(ops, substream, state);
        up_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
        return res;
}

/*
 * start callbacks
 */
static int snd_pcm_pre_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED)
                return -EBADFD;
        if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
            !snd_pcm_playback_data(substream))
                return -EPIPE;
        runtime->trigger_master = substream;
        return 0;
}

static int snd_pcm_do_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        if (substream->runtime->trigger_master != substream)
                return 0;
        return substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START);
}

static void snd_pcm_undo_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        if (substream->runtime->trigger_master == substream)
                substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP);
}

static void snd_pcm_post_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
        runtime->hw_ptr_jiffies = jiffies;
        runtime->status->state = state;
        if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
            runtime->silence_size > 0)
                snd_pcm_playback_silence(substream, ULONG_MAX);
        if (substream->timer)
                snd_timer_notify(substream->timer, SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MSTART,
                                 &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
}

static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_start = {
        .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_start,
        .do_action = snd_pcm_do_start,
        .undo_action = snd_pcm_undo_start,
        .post_action = snd_pcm_post_start
};

/**
 * snd_pcm_start - start all linked streams
 * @substream: the PCM substream instance
 */
int snd_pcm_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        return snd_pcm_action(&snd_pcm_action_start, substream,
                              SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING);
}

/*
 * stop callbacks
 */
static int snd_pcm_pre_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
                return -EBADFD;
        runtime->trigger_master = substream;
        return 0;
}

static int snd_pcm_do_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        if (substream->runtime->trigger_master == substream &&
            snd_pcm_running(substream))
                substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP);
        return 0; /* unconditonally stop all substreams */
}

static void snd_pcm_post_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->status->state != state) {
                snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
                if (substream->timer)
                        snd_timer_notify(substream->timer, SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MSTOP,
                                         &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
                runtime->status->state = state;
        }
        wake_up(&runtime->sleep);
        wake_up(&runtime->tsleep);
}

static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_stop = {
        .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_stop,
        .do_action = snd_pcm_do_stop,
        .post_action = snd_pcm_post_stop
};

/**
 * snd_pcm_stop - try to stop all running streams in the substream group
 * @substream: the PCM substream instance
 * @state: PCM state after stopping the stream
 *
 * The state of each stream is then changed to the given state unconditionally.
 */
int snd_pcm_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        return snd_pcm_action(&snd_pcm_action_stop, substream, state);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_stop);

/**
 * snd_pcm_drain_done - stop the DMA only when the given stream is playback
 * @substream: the PCM substream
 *
 * After stopping, the state is changed to SETUP.
 * Unlike snd_pcm_stop(), this affects only the given stream.
 */
int snd_pcm_drain_done(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        return snd_pcm_action_single(&snd_pcm_action_stop, substream,
                                     SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP);
}

/*
 * pause callbacks
 */
static int snd_pcm_pre_pause(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int push)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (!(runtime->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE))
                return -ENOSYS;
        if (push) {
                if (runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
                        return -EBADFD;
        } else if (runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED)
                return -EBADFD;
        runtime->trigger_master = substream;
        return 0;
}

static int snd_pcm_do_pause(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int push)
{
        if (substream->runtime->trigger_master != substream)
                return 0;
        /* some drivers might use hw_ptr to recover from the pause -
           update the hw_ptr now */
        if (push)
                snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream);
        /* The jiffies check in snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr*() is done by
         * a delta betwen the current jiffies, this gives a large enough
         * delta, effectively to skip the check once.
         */
        substream->runtime->hw_ptr_jiffies = jiffies - HZ * 1000;
        return substream->ops->trigger(substream,
                                       push ? SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH :
                                              SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE);
}

static void snd_pcm_undo_pause(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int push)
{
        if (substream->runtime->trigger_master == substream)
                substream->ops->trigger(substream,
                                        push ? SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE :
                                        SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH);

}

static void snd_pcm_post_pause(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int push)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
        if (push) {
                runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED;
                if (substream->timer)
                        snd_timer_notify(substream->timer,
                                         SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MPAUSE,
                                         &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
                wake_up(&runtime->sleep);
                wake_up(&runtime->tsleep);
        } else {
                runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING;
                if (substream->timer)
                        snd_timer_notify(substream->timer,
                                         SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MCONTINUE,
                                         &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
        }
}

static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_pause = {
        .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_pause,
        .do_action = snd_pcm_do_pause,
        .undo_action = snd_pcm_undo_pause,
        .post_action = snd_pcm_post_pause
};

/*
 * Push/release the pause for all linked streams.
 */
static int snd_pcm_pause(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int push)
{
        return snd_pcm_action(&snd_pcm_action_pause, substream, push);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PM
/* suspend */

static int snd_pcm_pre_suspend(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED)
                return -EBUSY;
        runtime->trigger_master = substream;
        return 0;
}

static int snd_pcm_do_suspend(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->trigger_master != substream)
                return 0;
        if (! snd_pcm_running(substream))
                return 0;
        substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND);
        return 0; /* suspend unconditionally */
}

static void snd_pcm_post_suspend(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
        if (substream->timer)
                snd_timer_notify(substream->timer, SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MSUSPEND,
                                 &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
        runtime->status->suspended_state = runtime->status->state;
        runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED;
        wake_up(&runtime->sleep);
        wake_up(&runtime->tsleep);
}

static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_suspend = {
        .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_suspend,
        .do_action = snd_pcm_do_suspend,
        .post_action = snd_pcm_post_suspend
};

/**
 * snd_pcm_suspend - trigger SUSPEND to all linked streams
 * @substream: the PCM substream
 *
 * After this call, all streams are changed to SUSPENDED state.
 */
int snd_pcm_suspend(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        int err;
        unsigned long flags;

        if (! substream)
                return 0;

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(substream, flags);
        err = snd_pcm_action(&snd_pcm_action_suspend, substream, 0);
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(substream, flags);
        return err;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_suspend);

/**
 * snd_pcm_suspend_all - trigger SUSPEND to all substreams in the given pcm
 * @pcm: the PCM instance
 *
 * After this call, all streams are changed to SUSPENDED state.
 */
int snd_pcm_suspend_all(struct snd_pcm *pcm)
{
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
        int stream, err = 0;

        if (! pcm)
                return 0;

        for (stream = 0; stream < 2; stream++) {
                for (substream = pcm->streams[stream].substream;
                     substream; substream = substream->next) {
                        /* FIXME: the open/close code should lock this as well */
                        if (substream->runtime == NULL)
                                continue;
                        err = snd_pcm_suspend(substream);
                        if (err < 0 && err != -EBUSY)
                                return err;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_suspend_all);

/* resume */

static int snd_pcm_pre_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (!(runtime->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME))
                return -ENOSYS;
        runtime->trigger_master = substream;
        return 0;
}

static int snd_pcm_do_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->trigger_master != substream)
                return 0;
        /* DMA not running previously? */
        if (runtime->status->suspended_state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING &&
            (runtime->status->suspended_state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING ||
             substream->stream != SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK))
                return 0;
        return substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME);
}

static void snd_pcm_undo_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        if (substream->runtime->trigger_master == substream &&
            snd_pcm_running(substream))
                substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND);
}

static void snd_pcm_post_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
        if (substream->timer)
                snd_timer_notify(substream->timer, SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MRESUME,
                                 &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
        runtime->status->state = runtime->status->suspended_state;
}

static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_resume = {
        .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_resume,
        .do_action = snd_pcm_do_resume,
        .undo_action = snd_pcm_undo_resume,
        .post_action = snd_pcm_post_resume
};

static int snd_pcm_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        struct snd_card *card = substream->pcm->card;
        int res;

        snd_power_lock(card);
        if ((res = snd_power_wait(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0)) >= 0)
                res = snd_pcm_action_lock_irq(&snd_pcm_action_resume, substream, 0);
        snd_power_unlock(card);
        return res;
}

#else

static int snd_pcm_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        return -ENOSYS;
}

#endif /* CONFIG_PM */

/*
 * xrun ioctl
 *
 * Change the RUNNING stream(s) to XRUN state.
 */
static int snd_pcm_xrun(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        struct snd_card *card = substream->pcm->card;
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        int result;

        snd_power_lock(card);
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
                result = snd_power_wait(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
                if (result < 0)
                        goto _unlock;
        }

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
                result = 0;     /* already there */
                break;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
                result = snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
                break;
        default:
                result = -EBADFD;
        }
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
 _unlock:
        snd_power_unlock(card);
        return result;
}

/*
 * reset ioctl
 */
static int snd_pcm_pre_reset(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
                return 0;
        default:
                return -EBADFD;
        }
}

static int snd_pcm_do_reset(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        int err = substream->ops->ioctl(substream, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL1_RESET, NULL);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        runtime->hw_ptr_base = 0;
        runtime->hw_ptr_interrupt = runtime->status->hw_ptr -
                runtime->status->hw_ptr % runtime->period_size;
        runtime->silence_start = runtime->status->hw_ptr;
        runtime->silence_filled = 0;
        return 0;
}

static void snd_pcm_post_reset(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        runtime->control->appl_ptr = runtime->status->hw_ptr;
        if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
            runtime->silence_size > 0)
                snd_pcm_playback_silence(substream, ULONG_MAX);
}

static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_reset = {
        .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_reset,
        .do_action = snd_pcm_do_reset,
        .post_action = snd_pcm_post_reset
};

static int snd_pcm_reset(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        return snd_pcm_action_nonatomic(&snd_pcm_action_reset, substream, 0);
}

/*
 * prepare ioctl
 */
/* we use the second argument for updating f_flags */
static int snd_pcm_pre_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                               int f_flags)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN ||
            runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED)
                return -EBADFD;
        if (snd_pcm_running(substream))
                return -EBUSY;
        substream->f_flags = f_flags;
        return 0;
}

static int snd_pcm_do_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        int err;
        err = substream->ops->prepare(substream);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        return snd_pcm_do_reset(substream, 0);
}

static void snd_pcm_post_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        runtime->control->appl_ptr = runtime->status->hw_ptr;
        runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED;
}

static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_prepare = {
        .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_prepare,
        .do_action = snd_pcm_do_prepare,
        .post_action = snd_pcm_post_prepare
};

/**
 * snd_pcm_prepare - prepare the PCM substream to be triggerable
 * @substream: the PCM substream instance
 * @file: file to refer f_flags
 */
static int snd_pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                           struct file *file)
{
        int res;
        struct snd_card *card = substream->pcm->card;
        int f_flags;

        if (file)
                f_flags = file->f_flags;
        else
                f_flags = substream->f_flags;

        snd_power_lock(card);
        if ((res = snd_power_wait(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0)) >= 0)
                res = snd_pcm_action_nonatomic(&snd_pcm_action_prepare,
                                               substream, f_flags);
        snd_power_unlock(card);
        return res;
}

/*
 * drain ioctl
 */

static int snd_pcm_pre_drain_init(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        substream->runtime->trigger_master = substream;
        return 0;
}

static int snd_pcm_do_drain_init(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
                switch (runtime->status->state) {
                case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
                        /* start playback stream if possible */
                        if (! snd_pcm_playback_empty(substream)) {
                                snd_pcm_do_start(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING);
                                snd_pcm_post_start(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING);
                        }
                        break;
                case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
                        runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING;
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
                }
        } else {
                /* stop running stream */
                if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING) {
                        int new_state = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime) > 0 ?
                                SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING : SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP;
                        snd_pcm_do_stop(substream, new_state);
                        snd_pcm_post_stop(substream, new_state);
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

static void snd_pcm_post_drain_init(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
{
}

static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_drain_init = {
        .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_drain_init,
        .do_action = snd_pcm_do_drain_init,
        .post_action = snd_pcm_post_drain_init
};

static int snd_pcm_drop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream);

/*
 * Drain the stream(s).
 * When the substream is linked, sync until the draining of all playback streams
 * is finished.
 * After this call, all streams are supposed to be either SETUP or DRAINING
 * (capture only) state.
 */
static int snd_pcm_drain(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                         struct file *file)
{
        struct snd_card *card;
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *s;
        wait_queue_t wait;
        int result = 0;
        int nonblock = 0;

        card = substream->pcm->card;
        runtime = substream->runtime;

        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
                return -EBADFD;

        snd_power_lock(card);
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
                result = snd_power_wait(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
                if (result < 0) {
                        snd_power_unlock(card);
                        return result;
                }
        }

        if (file) {
                if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
                        nonblock = 1;
        } else if (substream->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
                nonblock = 1;

        down_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        /* resume pause */
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED)
                snd_pcm_pause(substream, 0);

        /* pre-start/stop - all running streams are changed to DRAINING state */
        result = snd_pcm_action(&snd_pcm_action_drain_init, substream, 0);
        if (result < 0)
                goto unlock;
        /* in non-blocking, we don't wait in ioctl but let caller poll */
        if (nonblock) {
                result = -EAGAIN;
                goto unlock;
        }

        for (;;) {
                long tout;
                struct snd_pcm_runtime *to_check;
                if (signal_pending(current)) {
                        result = -ERESTARTSYS;
                        break;
                }
                /* find a substream to drain */
                to_check = NULL;
                snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
                        if (s->stream != SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
                                continue;
                        runtime = s->runtime;
                        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING) {
                                to_check = runtime;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (!to_check)
                        break; /* all drained */
                init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);
                add_wait_queue(&to_check->sleep, &wait);
                set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
                snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
                up_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
                snd_power_unlock(card);
                tout = schedule_timeout(10 * HZ);
                snd_power_lock(card);
                down_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
                snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
                remove_wait_queue(&to_check->sleep, &wait);
                if (tout == 0) {
                        if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED)
                                result = -ESTRPIPE;
                        else {
                                snd_printd("playback drain error (DMA or IRQ trouble?)\n");
                                snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP);
                                result = -EIO;
                        }
                        break;
                }
        }

 unlock:
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        up_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
        snd_power_unlock(card);

        return result;
}

/*
 * drop ioctl
 *
 * Immediately put all linked substreams into SETUP state.
 */
static int snd_pcm_drop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        struct snd_card *card;
        int result = 0;
        
        if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        runtime = substream->runtime;
        card = substream->pcm->card;

        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN ||
            runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED ||
            runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED)
                return -EBADFD;

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        /* resume pause */
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED)
                snd_pcm_pause(substream, 0);

        snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP);
        /* runtime->control->appl_ptr = runtime->status->hw_ptr; */
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);

        return result;
}


/* WARNING: Don't forget to fput back the file */
static struct file *snd_pcm_file_fd(int fd)
{
        struct file *file;
        struct inode *inode;
        unsigned int minor;

        file = fget(fd);
        if (!file)
                return NULL;
        inode = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
        if (!S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) ||
            imajor(inode) != snd_major) {
                fput(file);
                return NULL;
        }
        minor = iminor(inode);
        if (!snd_lookup_minor_data(minor, SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_PLAYBACK) &&
            !snd_lookup_minor_data(minor, SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_CAPTURE)) {
                fput(file);
                return NULL;
        }
        return file;
}

/*
 * PCM link handling
 */
static int snd_pcm_link(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int fd)
{
        int res = 0;
        struct file *file;
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream1;

        file = snd_pcm_file_fd(fd);
        if (!file)
                return -EBADFD;
        pcm_file = file->private_data;
        substream1 = pcm_file->substream;
        down_write(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
        write_lock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
        if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN ||
            substream->runtime->status->state != substream1->runtime->status->state) {
                res = -EBADFD;
                goto _end;
        }
        if (snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream1)) {
                res = -EALREADY;
                goto _end;
        }
        if (!snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream)) {
                substream->group = kmalloc(sizeof(struct snd_pcm_group), GFP_ATOMIC);
                if (substream->group == NULL) {
                        res = -ENOMEM;
                        goto _end;
                }
                spin_lock_init(&substream->group->lock);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&substream->group->substreams);
                list_add_tail(&substream->link_list, &substream->group->substreams);
                substream->group->count = 1;
        }
        list_add_tail(&substream1->link_list, &substream->group->substreams);
        substream->group->count++;
        substream1->group = substream->group;
 _end:
        write_unlock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
        up_write(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
        fput(file);
        return res;
}

static void relink_to_local(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        substream->group = &substream->self_group;
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&substream->self_group.substreams);
        list_add_tail(&substream->link_list, &substream->self_group.substreams);
}

static int snd_pcm_unlink(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        struct snd_pcm_substream *s;
        int res = 0;

        down_write(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
        write_lock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
        if (!snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream)) {
                res = -EALREADY;
                goto _end;
        }
        list_del(&substream->link_list);
        substream->group->count--;
        if (substream->group->count == 1) {     /* detach the last stream, too */
                snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
                        relink_to_local(s);
                        break;
                }
                kfree(substream->group);
        }
        relink_to_local(substream);
       _end:
        write_unlock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
        up_write(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
        return res;
}

/*
 * hw configurator
 */
static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_mul(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
                               struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
{
        struct snd_interval t;
        snd_interval_mul(hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[0]),
                     hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[1]), &t);
        return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
}

static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_div(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
                               struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
{
        struct snd_interval t;
        snd_interval_div(hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[0]),
                     hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[1]), &t);
        return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
}

static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_muldivk(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
                                   struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
{
        struct snd_interval t;
        snd_interval_muldivk(hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[0]),
                         hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[1]),
                         (unsigned long) rule->private, &t);
        return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
}

static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
                                   struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
{
        struct snd_interval t;
        snd_interval_mulkdiv(hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[0]),
                         (unsigned long) rule->private,
                         hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[1]), &t);
        return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
}

static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_format(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
                                  struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
{
        unsigned int k;
        struct snd_interval *i = hw_param_interval(params, rule->deps[0]);
        struct snd_mask m;
        struct snd_mask *mask = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
        snd_mask_any(&m);
        for (k = 0; k <= SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST; ++k) {
                int bits;
                if (! snd_mask_test(mask, k))
                        continue;
                bits = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(k);
                if (bits <= 0)
                        continue; /* ignore invalid formats */
                if ((unsigned)bits < i->min || (unsigned)bits > i->max)
                        snd_mask_reset(&m, k);
        }
        return snd_mask_refine(mask, &m);
}

static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_sample_bits(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
                                       struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
{
        struct snd_interval t;
        unsigned int k;
        t.min = UINT_MAX;
        t.max = 0;
        t.openmin = 0;
        t.openmax = 0;
        for (k = 0; k <= SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST; ++k) {
                int bits;
                if (! snd_mask_test(hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT), k))
                        continue;
                bits = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(k);
                if (bits <= 0)
                        continue; /* ignore invalid formats */
                if (t.min > (unsigned)bits)
                        t.min = bits;
                if (t.max < (unsigned)bits)
                        t.max = bits;
        }
        t.integer = 1;
        return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
}

#if SNDRV_PCM_RATE_5512 != 1 << 0 || SNDRV_PCM_RATE_192000 != 1 << 12
#error "Change this table"
#endif

static unsigned int rates[] = { 5512, 8000, 11025, 16000, 22050, 32000, 44100,
                                 48000, 64000, 88200, 96000, 176400, 192000 };

const struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list snd_pcm_known_rates = {
        .count = ARRAY_SIZE(rates),
        .list = rates,
};

static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_rate(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
                                struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
{
        struct snd_pcm_hardware *hw = rule->private;
        return snd_interval_list(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var),
                                 snd_pcm_known_rates.count,
                                 snd_pcm_known_rates.list, hw->rates);
}               

static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_buffer_bytes_max(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
                                            struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
{
        struct snd_interval t;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = rule->private;
        t.min = 0;
        t.max = substream->buffer_bytes_max;
        t.openmin = 0;
        t.openmax = 0;
        t.integer = 1;
        return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
}               

int snd_pcm_hw_constraints_init(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        struct snd_pcm_hw_constraints *constrs = &runtime->hw_constraints;
        int k, err;

        for (k = SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_MASK; k <= SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_MASK; k++) {
                snd_mask_any(constrs_mask(constrs, k));
        }

        for (k = SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_INTERVAL; k <= SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_INTERVAL; k++) {
                snd_interval_any(constrs_interval(constrs, k));
        }

        snd_interval_setinteger(constrs_interval(constrs, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS));
        snd_interval_setinteger(constrs_interval(constrs, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE));
        snd_interval_setinteger(constrs_interval(constrs, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES));
        snd_interval_setinteger(constrs_interval(constrs, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS));
        snd_interval_setinteger(constrs_interval(constrs, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS));

        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
                                   snd_pcm_hw_rule_format, NULL,
                                   SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_sample_bits, NULL,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT, 
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_div, NULL,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_mul, NULL,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 8,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 8,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_div, NULL,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 1000000,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 1000000,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_TIME, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_div, NULL,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_div, NULL,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 8,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_muldivk, (void*) 1000000,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_mul, NULL,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 8,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_muldivk, (void*) 1000000,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_TIME, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_muldivk, (void*) 8,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_muldivk, (void*) 8,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 1000000,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_TIME, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 1000000,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        return 0;
}

int snd_pcm_hw_constraints_complete(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        struct snd_pcm_hardware *hw = &runtime->hw;
        int err;
        unsigned int mask = 0;

        if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED)
                mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED;
        if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED)
                mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED;
        if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP) {
                if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED)
                        mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED;
                if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED)
                        mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED;
                if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_COMPLEX)
                        mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_COMPLEX;
        }
        err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_mask(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_ACCESS, mask);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;

        err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_mask64(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT, hw->formats);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;

        err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_mask(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SUBFORMAT, 1 << SNDRV_PCM_SUBFORMAT_STD);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;

        err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
                                           hw->channels_min, hw->channels_max);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;

        err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
                                           hw->rate_min, hw->rate_max);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;

        err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES,
                                           hw->period_bytes_min, hw->period_bytes_max);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;

        err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS,
                                           hw->periods_min, hw->periods_max);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;

        err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES,
                                           hw->period_bytes_min, hw->buffer_bytes_max);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;

        err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, 
                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_buffer_bytes_max, substream,
                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, -1);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;

        /* FIXME: remove */
        if (runtime->dma_bytes) {
                err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, 0, runtime->dma_bytes);
                if (err < 0)
                        return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (!(hw->rates & (SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS))) {
                err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, 
                                          snd_pcm_hw_rule_rate, hw,
                                          SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
                if (err < 0)
                        return err;
        }

        /* FIXME: this belong to lowlevel */
        snd_pcm_hw_constraint_integer(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE);

        return 0;
}

static void pcm_release_private(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        snd_pcm_unlink(substream);
}

void snd_pcm_release_substream(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        substream->ref_count--;
        if (substream->ref_count > 0)
                return;

        snd_pcm_drop(substream);
        if (substream->hw_opened) {
                if (substream->ops->hw_free != NULL)
                        substream->ops->hw_free(substream);
                substream->ops->close(substream);
                substream->hw_opened = 0;
        }
        if (pm_qos_request_active(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req))
                pm_qos_remove_request(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req);
        if (substream->pcm_release) {
                substream->pcm_release(substream);
                substream->pcm_release = NULL;
        }

        snd_pcm_detach_substream(substream);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_release_substream);

int snd_pcm_open_substream(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream,
                           struct file *file,
                           struct snd_pcm_substream **rsubstream)
{
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
        int err;

        err = snd_pcm_attach_substream(pcm, stream, file, &substream);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        if (substream->ref_count > 1) {
                *rsubstream = substream;
                return 0;
        }

        err = snd_pcm_hw_constraints_init(substream);
        if (err < 0) {
                snd_printd("snd_pcm_hw_constraints_init failed\n");
                goto error;
        }

        if ((err = substream->ops->open(substream)) < 0)
                goto error;

        substream->hw_opened = 1;

        err = snd_pcm_hw_constraints_complete(substream);
        if (err < 0) {
                snd_printd("snd_pcm_hw_constraints_complete failed\n");
                goto error;
        }

        *rsubstream = substream;
        return 0;

 error:
        snd_pcm_release_substream(substream);
        return err;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_open_substream);

static int snd_pcm_open_file(struct file *file,
                             struct snd_pcm *pcm,
                             int stream,
                             struct snd_pcm_file **rpcm_file)
{
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
        struct snd_pcm_str *str;
        int err;

        if (rpcm_file)
                *rpcm_file = NULL;

        err = snd_pcm_open_substream(pcm, stream, file, &substream);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;

        pcm_file = kzalloc(sizeof(*pcm_file), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (pcm_file == NULL) {
                snd_pcm_release_substream(substream);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        pcm_file->substream = substream;
        if (substream->ref_count == 1) {
                str = substream->pstr;
                substream->file = pcm_file;
                substream->pcm_release = pcm_release_private;
        }
        file->private_data = pcm_file;
        if (rpcm_file)
                *rpcm_file = pcm_file;
        return 0;
}

static int snd_pcm_playback_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct snd_pcm *pcm;
        int err = nonseekable_open(inode, file);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        pcm = snd_lookup_minor_data(iminor(inode),
                                    SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_PLAYBACK);
        return snd_pcm_open(file, pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK);
}

static int snd_pcm_capture_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct snd_pcm *pcm;
        int err = nonseekable_open(inode, file);
        if (err < 0)
                return err;
        pcm = snd_lookup_minor_data(iminor(inode),
                                    SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_CAPTURE);
        return snd_pcm_open(file, pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);
}

static int snd_pcm_open(struct file *file, struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream)
{
        int err;
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
        wait_queue_t wait;

        if (pcm == NULL) {
                err = -ENODEV;
                goto __error1;
        }
        err = snd_card_file_add(pcm->card, file);
        if (err < 0)
                goto __error1;
        if (!try_module_get(pcm->card->module)) {
                err = -EFAULT;
                goto __error2;
        }
        init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);
        add_wait_queue(&pcm->open_wait, &wait);
        mutex_lock(&pcm->open_mutex);
        while (1) {
                err = snd_pcm_open_file(file, pcm, stream, &pcm_file);
                if (err >= 0)
                        break;
                if (err == -EAGAIN) {
                        if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
                                err = -EBUSY;
                                break;
                        }
                } else
                        break;
                set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
                mutex_unlock(&pcm->open_mutex);
                schedule();
                mutex_lock(&pcm->open_mutex);
                if (signal_pending(current)) {
                        err = -ERESTARTSYS;
                        break;
                }
        }
        remove_wait_queue(&pcm->open_wait, &wait);
        mutex_unlock(&pcm->open_mutex);
        if (err < 0)
                goto __error;
        return err;

      __error:
        module_put(pcm->card->module);
      __error2:
        snd_card_file_remove(pcm->card, file);
      __error1:
        return err;
}

static int snd_pcm_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct snd_pcm *pcm;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;

        pcm_file = file->private_data;
        substream = pcm_file->substream;
        if (snd_BUG_ON(!substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        pcm = substream->pcm;
        mutex_lock(&pcm->open_mutex);
        snd_pcm_release_substream(substream);
        kfree(pcm_file);
        mutex_unlock(&pcm->open_mutex);
        wake_up(&pcm->open_wait);
        module_put(pcm->card->module);
        snd_card_file_remove(pcm->card, file);
        return 0;
}

static snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_playback_rewind(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                                 snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t appl_ptr;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t ret;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t hw_avail;

        if (frames == 0)
                return 0;

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
                break;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
                if (snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream) >= 0)
                        break;
                /* Fall through */
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
                ret = -EPIPE;
                goto __end;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
                ret = -ESTRPIPE;
                goto __end;
        default:
                ret = -EBADFD;
                goto __end;
        }

        hw_avail = snd_pcm_playback_hw_avail(runtime);
        if (hw_avail <= 0) {
                ret = 0;
                goto __end;
        }
        if (frames > (snd_pcm_uframes_t)hw_avail)
                frames = hw_avail;
        appl_ptr = runtime->control->appl_ptr - frames;
        if (appl_ptr < 0)
                appl_ptr += runtime->boundary;
        runtime->control->appl_ptr = appl_ptr;
        ret = frames;
 __end:
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        return ret;
}

static snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_capture_rewind(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                                snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t appl_ptr;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t ret;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t hw_avail;

        if (frames == 0)
                return 0;

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
                break;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
                if (snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream) >= 0)
                        break;
                /* Fall through */
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
                ret = -EPIPE;
                goto __end;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
                ret = -ESTRPIPE;
                goto __end;
        default:
                ret = -EBADFD;
                goto __end;
        }

        hw_avail = snd_pcm_capture_hw_avail(runtime);
        if (hw_avail <= 0) {
                ret = 0;
                goto __end;
        }
        if (frames > (snd_pcm_uframes_t)hw_avail)
                frames = hw_avail;
        appl_ptr = runtime->control->appl_ptr - frames;
        if (appl_ptr < 0)
                appl_ptr += runtime->boundary;
        runtime->control->appl_ptr = appl_ptr;
        ret = frames;
 __end:
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        return ret;
}

static snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_playback_forward(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                                  snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t appl_ptr;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t ret;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t avail;

        if (frames == 0)
                return 0;

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED:
                break;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
                if (snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream) >= 0)
                        break;
                /* Fall through */
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
                ret = -EPIPE;
                goto __end;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
                ret = -ESTRPIPE;
                goto __end;
        default:
                ret = -EBADFD;
                goto __end;
        }

        avail = snd_pcm_playback_avail(runtime);
        if (avail <= 0) {
                ret = 0;
                goto __end;
        }
        if (frames > (snd_pcm_uframes_t)avail)
                frames = avail;
        appl_ptr = runtime->control->appl_ptr + frames;
        if (appl_ptr >= (snd_pcm_sframes_t)runtime->boundary)
                appl_ptr -= runtime->boundary;
        runtime->control->appl_ptr = appl_ptr;
        ret = frames;
 __end:
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        return ret;
}

static snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_capture_forward(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                                 snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t appl_ptr;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t ret;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t avail;

        if (frames == 0)
                return 0;

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED:
                break;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
                if (snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream) >= 0)
                        break;
                /* Fall through */
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
                ret = -EPIPE;
                goto __end;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
                ret = -ESTRPIPE;
                goto __end;
        default:
                ret = -EBADFD;
                goto __end;
        }

        avail = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
        if (avail <= 0) {
                ret = 0;
                goto __end;
        }
        if (frames > (snd_pcm_uframes_t)avail)
                frames = avail;
        appl_ptr = runtime->control->appl_ptr + frames;
        if (appl_ptr >= (snd_pcm_sframes_t)runtime->boundary)
                appl_ptr -= runtime->boundary;
        runtime->control->appl_ptr = appl_ptr;
        ret = frames;
 __end:
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        return ret;
}

static int snd_pcm_hwsync(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        int err;

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
                if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE)
                        goto __badfd;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
                if ((err = snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream)) < 0)
                        break;
                /* Fall through */
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
                err = 0;
                break;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
                err = -EPIPE;
                break;
        default:
              __badfd:
                err = -EBADFD;
                break;
        }
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        return err;
}
                
static int snd_pcm_delay(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                         snd_pcm_sframes_t __user *res)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        int err;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t n = 0;

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
                if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE)
                        goto __badfd;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
                if ((err = snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream)) < 0)
                        break;
                /* Fall through */
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
                err = 0;
                if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
                        n = snd_pcm_playback_hw_avail(runtime);
                else
                        n = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
                n += runtime->delay;
                break;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
                err = -EPIPE;
                break;
        default:
              __badfd:
                err = -EBADFD;
                break;
        }
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        if (!err)
                if (put_user(n, res))
                        err = -EFAULT;
        return err;
}
                
static int snd_pcm_sync_ptr(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                            struct snd_pcm_sync_ptr __user *_sync_ptr)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        struct snd_pcm_sync_ptr sync_ptr;
        volatile struct snd_pcm_mmap_status *status;
        volatile struct snd_pcm_mmap_control *control;
        int err;

        memset(&sync_ptr, 0, sizeof(sync_ptr));
        if (get_user(sync_ptr.flags, (unsigned __user *)&(_sync_ptr->flags)))
                return -EFAULT;
        if (copy_from_user(&sync_ptr.c.control, &(_sync_ptr->c.control), sizeof(struct snd_pcm_mmap_control)))
                return -EFAULT; 
        status = runtime->status;
        control = runtime->control;
        if (sync_ptr.flags & SNDRV_PCM_SYNC_PTR_HWSYNC) {
                err = snd_pcm_hwsync(substream);
                if (err < 0)
                        return err;
        }
        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        if (!(sync_ptr.flags & SNDRV_PCM_SYNC_PTR_APPL))
                control->appl_ptr = sync_ptr.c.control.appl_ptr;
        else
                sync_ptr.c.control.appl_ptr = control->appl_ptr;
        if (!(sync_ptr.flags & SNDRV_PCM_SYNC_PTR_AVAIL_MIN))
                control->avail_min = sync_ptr.c.control.avail_min;
        else
                sync_ptr.c.control.avail_min = control->avail_min;
        sync_ptr.s.status.state = status->state;
        sync_ptr.s.status.hw_ptr = status->hw_ptr;
        sync_ptr.s.status.tstamp = status->tstamp;
        sync_ptr.s.status.suspended_state = status->suspended_state;
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        if (copy_to_user(_sync_ptr, &sync_ptr, sizeof(sync_ptr)))
                return -EFAULT;
        return 0;
}

static int snd_pcm_tstamp(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int __user *_arg)
{
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
        int arg;
        
        if (get_user(arg, _arg))
                return -EFAULT;
        if (arg < 0 || arg > SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_LAST)
                return -EINVAL;
        runtime->tstamp_type = SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY;
        if (arg == SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC)
                runtime->tstamp_type = SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC;
        return 0;
}
                
static int snd_pcm_common_ioctl1(struct file *file,
                                 struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                 unsigned int cmd, void __user *arg)
{
        switch (cmd) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_PVERSION:
                return put_user(SNDRV_PCM_VERSION, (int __user *)arg) ? -EFAULT : 0;
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_INFO:
                return snd_pcm_info_user(substream, arg);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_TSTAMP:    /* just for compatibility */
                return 0;
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_TTSTAMP:
                return snd_pcm_tstamp(substream, arg);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_REFINE:
                return snd_pcm_hw_refine_user(substream, arg);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_PARAMS:
                return snd_pcm_hw_params_user(substream, arg);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_FREE:
                return snd_pcm_hw_free(substream);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_SW_PARAMS:
                return snd_pcm_sw_params_user(substream, arg);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_STATUS:
                return snd_pcm_status_user(substream, arg);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_CHANNEL_INFO:
                return snd_pcm_channel_info_user(substream, arg);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_PREPARE:
                return snd_pcm_prepare(substream, file);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_RESET:
                return snd_pcm_reset(substream);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_START:
                return snd_pcm_action_lock_irq(&snd_pcm_action_start, substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_LINK:
                return snd_pcm_link(substream, (int)(unsigned long) arg);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_UNLINK:
                return snd_pcm_unlink(substream);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_RESUME:
                return snd_pcm_resume(substream);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_XRUN:
                return snd_pcm_xrun(substream);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HWSYNC:
                return snd_pcm_hwsync(substream);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_DELAY:
                return snd_pcm_delay(substream, arg);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_SYNC_PTR:
                return snd_pcm_sync_ptr(substream, arg);
#ifdef CONFIG_SND_SUPPORT_OLD_API
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_REFINE_OLD:
                return snd_pcm_hw_refine_old_user(substream, arg);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_PARAMS_OLD:
                return snd_pcm_hw_params_old_user(substream, arg);
#endif
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_DRAIN:
                return snd_pcm_drain(substream, file);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_DROP:
                return snd_pcm_drop(substream);
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_PAUSE:
        {
                int res;
                snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
                res = snd_pcm_pause(substream, (int)(unsigned long)arg);
                snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
                return res;
        }
        }
        snd_printd("unknown ioctl = 0x%x\n", cmd);
        return -ENOTTY;
}

static int snd_pcm_playback_ioctl1(struct file *file,
                                   struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                   unsigned int cmd, void __user *arg)
{
        if (snd_BUG_ON(!substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        if (snd_BUG_ON(substream->stream != SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK))
                return -EINVAL;
        switch (cmd) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_WRITEI_FRAMES:
        {
                struct snd_xferi xferi;
                struct snd_xferi __user *_xferi = arg;
                struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
                snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
                if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
                        return -EBADFD;
                if (put_user(0, &_xferi->result))
                        return -EFAULT;
                if (copy_from_user(&xferi, _xferi, sizeof(xferi)))
                        return -EFAULT;
                result = snd_pcm_lib_write(substream, xferi.buf, xferi.frames);
                __put_user(result, &_xferi->result);
                return result < 0 ? result : 0;
        }
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_WRITEN_FRAMES:
        {
                struct snd_xfern xfern;
                struct snd_xfern __user *_xfern = arg;
                struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
                void __user **bufs;
                snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
                if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
                        return -EBADFD;
                if (runtime->channels > 128)
                        return -EINVAL;
                if (put_user(0, &_xfern->result))
                        return -EFAULT;
                if (copy_from_user(&xfern, _xfern, sizeof(xfern)))
                        return -EFAULT;

                bufs = memdup_user(xfern.bufs,
                                   sizeof(void *) * runtime->channels);
                if (IS_ERR(bufs))
                        return PTR_ERR(bufs);
                result = snd_pcm_lib_writev(substream, bufs, xfern.frames);
                kfree(bufs);
                __put_user(result, &_xfern->result);
                return result < 0 ? result : 0;
        }
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_REWIND:
        {
                snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
                snd_pcm_uframes_t __user *_frames = arg;
                snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
                if (get_user(frames, _frames))
                        return -EFAULT;
                if (put_user(0, _frames))
                        return -EFAULT;
                result = snd_pcm_playback_rewind(substream, frames);
                __put_user(result, _frames);
                return result < 0 ? result : 0;
        }
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_FORWARD:
        {
                snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
                snd_pcm_uframes_t __user *_frames = arg;
                snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
                if (get_user(frames, _frames))
                        return -EFAULT;
                if (put_user(0, _frames))
                        return -EFAULT;
                result = snd_pcm_playback_forward(substream, frames);
                __put_user(result, _frames);
                return result < 0 ? result : 0;
        }
        }
        return snd_pcm_common_ioctl1(file, substream, cmd, arg);
}

static int snd_pcm_capture_ioctl1(struct file *file,
                                  struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                                  unsigned int cmd, void __user *arg)
{
        if (snd_BUG_ON(!substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        if (snd_BUG_ON(substream->stream != SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE))
                return -EINVAL;
        switch (cmd) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_READI_FRAMES:
        {
                struct snd_xferi xferi;
                struct snd_xferi __user *_xferi = arg;
                struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
                snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
                if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
                        return -EBADFD;
                if (put_user(0, &_xferi->result))
                        return -EFAULT;
                if (copy_from_user(&xferi, _xferi, sizeof(xferi)))
                        return -EFAULT;
                result = snd_pcm_lib_read(substream, xferi.buf, xferi.frames);
                __put_user(result, &_xferi->result);
                return result < 0 ? result : 0;
        }
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_READN_FRAMES:
        {
                struct snd_xfern xfern;
                struct snd_xfern __user *_xfern = arg;
                struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
                void *bufs;
                snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
                if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
                        return -EBADFD;
                if (runtime->channels > 128)
                        return -EINVAL;
                if (put_user(0, &_xfern->result))
                        return -EFAULT;
                if (copy_from_user(&xfern, _xfern, sizeof(xfern)))
                        return -EFAULT;

                bufs = memdup_user(xfern.bufs,
                                   sizeof(void *) * runtime->channels);
                if (IS_ERR(bufs))
                        return PTR_ERR(bufs);
                result = snd_pcm_lib_readv(substream, bufs, xfern.frames);
                kfree(bufs);
                __put_user(result, &_xfern->result);
                return result < 0 ? result : 0;
        }
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_REWIND:
        {
                snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
                snd_pcm_uframes_t __user *_frames = arg;
                snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
                if (get_user(frames, _frames))
                        return -EFAULT;
                if (put_user(0, _frames))
                        return -EFAULT;
                result = snd_pcm_capture_rewind(substream, frames);
                __put_user(result, _frames);
                return result < 0 ? result : 0;
        }
        case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_FORWARD:
        {
                snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
                snd_pcm_uframes_t __user *_frames = arg;
                snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
                if (get_user(frames, _frames))
                        return -EFAULT;
                if (put_user(0, _frames))
                        return -EFAULT;
                result = snd_pcm_capture_forward(substream, frames);
                __put_user(result, _frames);
                return result < 0 ? result : 0;
        }
        }
        return snd_pcm_common_ioctl1(file, substream, cmd, arg);
}

static long snd_pcm_playback_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
                                   unsigned long arg)
{
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;

        pcm_file = file->private_data;

        if (((cmd >> 8) & 0xff) != 'A')
                return -ENOTTY;

        return snd_pcm_playback_ioctl1(file, pcm_file->substream, cmd,
                                       (void __user *)arg);
}

static long snd_pcm_capture_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
                                  unsigned long arg)
{
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;

        pcm_file = file->private_data;

        if (((cmd >> 8) & 0xff) != 'A')
                return -ENOTTY;

        return snd_pcm_capture_ioctl1(file, pcm_file->substream, cmd,
                                      (void __user *)arg);
}

int snd_pcm_kernel_ioctl(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
                         unsigned int cmd, void *arg)
{
        mm_segment_t fs;
        int result;
        
        fs = snd_enter_user();
        switch (substream->stream) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK:
                result = snd_pcm_playback_ioctl1(NULL, substream, cmd,
                                                 (void __user *)arg);
                break;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE:
                result = snd_pcm_capture_ioctl1(NULL, substream, cmd,
                                                (void __user *)arg);
                break;
        default:
                result = -EINVAL;
                break;
        }
        snd_leave_user(fs);
        return result;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_kernel_ioctl);

static ssize_t snd_pcm_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
                            loff_t * offset)
{
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t result;

        pcm_file = file->private_data;
        substream = pcm_file->substream;
        if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
                return -EBADFD;
        if (!frame_aligned(runtime, count))
                return -EINVAL;
        count = bytes_to_frames(runtime, count);
        result = snd_pcm_lib_read(substream, buf, count);
        if (result > 0)
                result = frames_to_bytes(runtime, result);
        return result;
}

static ssize_t snd_pcm_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
                             size_t count, loff_t * offset)
{
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t result;

        pcm_file = file->private_data;
        substream = pcm_file->substream;
        if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
                return -EBADFD;
        if (!frame_aligned(runtime, count))
                return -EINVAL;
        count = bytes_to_frames(runtime, count);
        result = snd_pcm_lib_write(substream, buf, count);
        if (result > 0)
                result = frames_to_bytes(runtime, result);
        return result;
}

static ssize_t snd_pcm_aio_read(struct kiocb *iocb, const struct iovec *iov,
                             unsigned long nr_segs, loff_t pos)

{
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
        unsigned long i;
        void __user **bufs;
        snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;

        pcm_file = iocb->ki_filp->private_data;
        substream = pcm_file->substream;
        if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
                return -EBADFD;
        if (nr_segs > 1024 || nr_segs != runtime->channels)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (!frame_aligned(runtime, iov->iov_len))
                return -EINVAL;
        frames = bytes_to_samples(runtime, iov->iov_len);
        bufs = kmalloc(sizeof(void *) * nr_segs, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (bufs == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        for (i = 0; i < nr_segs; ++i)
                bufs[i] = iov[i].iov_base;
        result = snd_pcm_lib_readv(substream, bufs, frames);
        if (result > 0)
                result = frames_to_bytes(runtime, result);
        kfree(bufs);
        return result;
}

static ssize_t snd_pcm_aio_write(struct kiocb *iocb, const struct iovec *iov,
                              unsigned long nr_segs, loff_t pos)
{
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
        unsigned long i;
        void __user **bufs;
        snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;

        pcm_file = iocb->ki_filp->private_data;
        substream = pcm_file->substream;
        if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        runtime = substream->runtime;
        if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
                return -EBADFD;
        if (nr_segs > 128 || nr_segs != runtime->channels ||
            !frame_aligned(runtime, iov->iov_len))
                return -EINVAL;
        frames = bytes_to_samples(runtime, iov->iov_len);
        bufs = kmalloc(sizeof(void *) * nr_segs, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (bufs == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        for (i = 0; i < nr_segs; ++i)
                bufs[i] = iov[i].iov_base;
        result = snd_pcm_lib_writev(substream, bufs, frames);
        if (result > 0)
                result = frames_to_bytes(runtime, result);
        kfree(bufs);
        return result;
}

static unsigned int snd_pcm_playback_poll(struct file *file, poll_table * wait)
{
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        unsigned int mask;
        snd_pcm_uframes_t avail;

        pcm_file = file->private_data;

        substream = pcm_file->substream;
        if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        runtime = substream->runtime;

        poll_wait(file, &runtime->sleep, wait);

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        avail = snd_pcm_playback_avail(runtime);
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED:
                if (avail >= runtime->control->avail_min) {
                        mask = POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM;
                        break;
                }
                /* Fall through */
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
                mask = 0;
                break;
        default:
                mask = POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLERR;
                break;
        }
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        return mask;
}

static unsigned int snd_pcm_capture_poll(struct file *file, poll_table * wait)
{
        struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        unsigned int mask;
        snd_pcm_uframes_t avail;

        pcm_file = file->private_data;

        substream = pcm_file->substream;
        if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
                return -ENXIO;
        runtime = substream->runtime;

        poll_wait(file, &runtime->sleep, wait);

        snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
        avail = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
        switch (runtime->status->state) {
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED:
                if (avail >= runtime->control->avail_min) {
                        mask = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
                        break;
                }
                mask = 0;
                break;
        case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
                if (avail > 0) {
                        mask = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
                        break;
                }
                /* Fall through */
        default:
                mask = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM | POLLERR;
                break;
        }
        snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
        return mask;
}

/*
 * mmap support
 */

/*
 * Only on coherent architectures, we can mmap the status and the control records
 * for effcient data transfer.  On others, we have to use HWSYNC ioctl...
 */
#if defined(CONFIG_X86) || defined(CONFIG_PPC) || defined(CONFIG_ALPHA)
/*
 * mmap status record
 */
static int snd_pcm_mmap_status_fault(struct vm_area_struct *area,
                                                struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
        struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = area->vm_private_data;
        struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
        
        if (substream == NULL)
                return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
        runtime = substream->runtime;