/*
 *  linux/mm/swap.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
 */

/*
 * This file contains the default values for the operation of the
 * Linux VM subsystem. Fine-tuning documentation can be found in
 * Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt.
 * Started 18.12.91
 * Swap aging added 23.2.95, Stephen Tweedie.
 * Buffermem limits added 12.3.98, Rik van Riel.
 */

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>  /* for try_to_release_page() */
#include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/memcontrol.h>

/* How many pages do we try to swap or page in/out together? */
int page_cluster;

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct pagevec, lru_add_pvecs) = { 0, };
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct pagevec, lru_add_active_pvecs) = { 0, };
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct pagevec, lru_rotate_pvecs) = { 0, };

/*
 * This path almost never happens for VM activity - pages are normally
 * freed via pagevecs.  But it gets used by networking.
 */
static void __page_cache_release(struct page *page)
{
        if (PageLRU(page)) {
                unsigned long flags;
                struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);

                spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
                VM_BUG_ON(!PageLRU(page));
                __ClearPageLRU(page);
                del_page_from_lru(zone, page);
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
        }
        free_hot_page(page);
}

static void put_compound_page(struct page *page)
{
        page = compound_head(page);
        if (put_page_testzero(page)) {
                compound_page_dtor *dtor;

                dtor = get_compound_page_dtor(page);
                (*dtor)(page);
        }
}

void put_page(struct page *page)
{
        if (unlikely(PageCompound(page)))
                put_compound_page(page);
        else if (put_page_testzero(page))
                __page_cache_release(page);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_page);

/**
 * put_pages_list() - release a list of pages
 * @pages: list of pages threaded on page->lru
 *
 * Release a list of pages which are strung together on page.lru.  Currently
 * used by read_cache_pages() and related error recovery code.
 */
void put_pages_list(struct list_head *pages)
{
        while (!list_empty(pages)) {
                struct page *victim;

                victim = list_entry(pages->prev, struct page, lru);
                list_del(&victim->lru);
                page_cache_release(victim);
        }
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_pages_list);

/*
 * pagevec_move_tail() must be called with IRQ disabled.
 * Otherwise this may cause nasty races.
 */
static void pagevec_move_tail(struct pagevec *pvec)
{
        int i;
        int pgmoved = 0;
        struct zone *zone = NULL;

        for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(pvec); i++) {
                struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];
                struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);

                if (pagezone != zone) {
                        if (zone)
                                spin_unlock(&zone->lru_lock);
                        zone = pagezone;
                        spin_lock(&zone->lru_lock);
                }
                if (PageLRU(page) && !PageActive(page)) {
                        list_move_tail(&page->lru, &zone->inactive_list);
                        pgmoved++;
                }
        }
        if (zone)
                spin_unlock(&zone->lru_lock);
        __count_vm_events(PGROTATED, pgmoved);
        release_pages(pvec->pages, pvec->nr, pvec->cold);
        pagevec_reinit(pvec);
}

/*
 * Writeback is about to end against a page which has been marked for immediate
 * reclaim.  If it still appears to be reclaimable, move it to the tail of the
 * inactive list.
 *
 * Returns zero if it cleared PG_writeback.
 */
int rotate_reclaimable_page(struct page *page)
{
        struct pagevec *pvec;
        unsigned long flags;

        if (PageLocked(page))
                return 1;
        if (PageDirty(page))
                return 1;
        if (PageActive(page))
                return 1;
        if (!PageLRU(page))
                return 1;

        page_cache_get(page);
        local_irq_save(flags);
        pvec = &__get_cpu_var(lru_rotate_pvecs);
        if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page))
                pagevec_move_tail(pvec);
        local_irq_restore(flags);

        if (!test_clear_page_writeback(page))
                BUG();

        return 0;
}

/*
 * FIXME: speed this up?
 */
void activate_page(struct page *page)
{
        struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);

        spin_lock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
        if (PageLRU(page) && !PageActive(page)) {
                del_page_from_inactive_list(zone, page);
                SetPageActive(page);
                add_page_to_active_list(zone, page);
                __count_vm_event(PGACTIVATE);
                mem_cgroup_move_lists(page, true);
        }
        spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
}

/*
 * Mark a page as having seen activity.
 *
 * inactive,unreferenced        ->      inactive,referenced
 * inactive,referenced          ->      active,unreferenced
 * active,unreferenced          ->      active,referenced
 */
void mark_page_accessed(struct page *page)
{
        if (!PageActive(page) && PageReferenced(page) && PageLRU(page)) {
                activate_page(page);
                ClearPageReferenced(page);
        } else if (!PageReferenced(page)) {
                SetPageReferenced(page);
        }
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(mark_page_accessed);

/**
 * lru_cache_add: add a page to the page lists
 * @page: the page to add
 */
void lru_cache_add(struct page *page)
{
        struct pagevec *pvec = &get_cpu_var(lru_add_pvecs);

        page_cache_get(page);
        if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page))
                __pagevec_lru_add(pvec);
        put_cpu_var(lru_add_pvecs);
}

void lru_cache_add_active(struct page *page)
{
        struct pagevec *pvec = &get_cpu_var(lru_add_active_pvecs);

        page_cache_get(page);
        if (!pagevec_add(pvec, page))
                __pagevec_lru_add_active(pvec);
        put_cpu_var(lru_add_active_pvecs);
}

/*
 * Drain pages out of the cpu's pagevecs.
 * Either "cpu" is the current CPU, and preemption has already been
 * disabled; or "cpu" is being hot-unplugged, and is already dead.
 */
static void drain_cpu_pagevecs(int cpu)
{
        struct pagevec *pvec;

        pvec = &per_cpu(lru_add_pvecs, cpu);
        if (pagevec_count(pvec))
                __pagevec_lru_add(pvec);

        pvec = &per_cpu(lru_add_active_pvecs, cpu);
        if (pagevec_count(pvec))
                __pagevec_lru_add_active(pvec);

        pvec = &per_cpu(lru_rotate_pvecs, cpu);
        if (pagevec_count(pvec)) {
                unsigned long flags;

                /* No harm done if a racing interrupt already did this */
                local_irq_save(flags);
                pagevec_move_tail(pvec);
                local_irq_restore(flags);
        }
}

void lru_add_drain(void)
{
        drain_cpu_pagevecs(get_cpu());
        put_cpu();
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
static void lru_add_drain_per_cpu(struct work_struct *dummy)
{
        lru_add_drain();
}

/*
 * Returns 0 for success
 */
int lru_add_drain_all(void)
{
        return schedule_on_each_cpu(lru_add_drain_per_cpu);
}

#else

/*
 * Returns 0 for success
 */
int lru_add_drain_all(void)
{
        lru_add_drain();
        return 0;
}
#endif

/*
 * Batched page_cache_release().  Decrement the reference count on all the
 * passed pages.  If it fell to zero then remove the page from the LRU and
 * free it.
 *
 * Avoid taking zone->lru_lock if possible, but if it is taken, retain it
 * for the remainder of the operation.
 *
 * The locking in this function is against shrink_cache(): we recheck the
 * page count inside the lock to see whether shrink_cache grabbed the page
 * via the LRU.  If it did, give up: shrink_cache will free it.
 */
void release_pages(struct page **pages, int nr, int cold)
{
        int i;
        struct pagevec pages_to_free;
        struct zone *zone = NULL;
        unsigned long uninitialized_var(flags);

        pagevec_init(&pages_to_free, cold);
        for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
                struct page *page = pages[i];

                if (unlikely(PageCompound(page))) {
                        if (zone) {
                                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
                                zone = NULL;
                        }
                        put_compound_page(page);
                        continue;
                }

                if (!put_page_testzero(page))
                        continue;

                if (PageLRU(page)) {
                        struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);
                        if (pagezone != zone) {
                                if (zone)
                                        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock,
                                                                        flags);
                                zone = pagezone;
                                spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
                        }
                        VM_BUG_ON(!PageLRU(page));
                        __ClearPageLRU(page);
                        del_page_from_lru(zone, page);
                }

                if (!pagevec_add(&pages_to_free, page)) {
                        if (zone) {
                                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
                                zone = NULL;
                        }
                        __pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
                        pagevec_reinit(&pages_to_free);
                }
        }
        if (zone)
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);

        pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
}

/*
 * The pages which we're about to release may be in the deferred lru-addition
 * queues.  That would prevent them from really being freed right now.  That's
 * OK from a correctness point of view but is inefficient - those pages may be
 * cache-warm and we want to give them back to the page allocator ASAP.
 *
 * So __pagevec_release() will drain those queues here.  __pagevec_lru_add()
 * and __pagevec_lru_add_active() call release_pages() directly to avoid
 * mutual recursion.
 */
void __pagevec_release(struct pagevec *pvec)
{
        lru_add_drain();
        release_pages(pvec->pages, pagevec_count(pvec), pvec->cold);
        pagevec_reinit(pvec);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__pagevec_release);

/*
 * pagevec_release() for pages which are known to not be on the LRU
 *
 * This function reinitialises the caller's pagevec.
 */
void __pagevec_release_nonlru(struct pagevec *pvec)
{
        int i;
        struct pagevec pages_to_free;

        pagevec_init(&pages_to_free, pvec->cold);
        for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(pvec); i++) {
                struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];

                VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page));
                if (put_page_testzero(page))
                        pagevec_add(&pages_to_free, page);
        }
        pagevec_free(&pages_to_free);
        pagevec_reinit(pvec);
}

/*
 * Add the passed pages to the LRU, then drop the caller's refcount
 * on them.  Reinitialises the caller's pagevec.
 */
void __pagevec_lru_add(struct pagevec *pvec)
{
        int i;
        struct zone *zone = NULL;

        for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(pvec); i++) {
                struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];
                struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);

                if (pagezone != zone) {
                        if (zone)
                                spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
                        zone = pagezone;
                        spin_lock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
                }
                VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page));
                SetPageLRU(page);
                add_page_to_inactive_list(zone, page);
        }
        if (zone)
                spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
        release_pages(pvec->pages, pvec->nr, pvec->cold);
        pagevec_reinit(pvec);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__pagevec_lru_add);

void __pagevec_lru_add_active(struct pagevec *pvec)
{
        int i;
        struct zone *zone = NULL;

        for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(pvec); i++) {
                struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];
                struct zone *pagezone = page_zone(page);

                if (pagezone != zone) {
                        if (zone)
                                spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
                        zone = pagezone;
                        spin_lock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
                }
                VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page));
                SetPageLRU(page);
                VM_BUG_ON(PageActive(page));
                SetPageActive(page);
                add_page_to_active_list(zone, page);
        }
        if (zone)
                spin_unlock_irq(&zone->lru_lock);
        release_pages(pvec->pages, pvec->nr, pvec->cold);
        pagevec_reinit(pvec);
}

/*
 * Try to drop buffers from the pages in a pagevec
 */
void pagevec_strip(struct pagevec *pvec)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < pagevec_count(pvec); i++) {
                struct page *page = pvec->pages[i];

                if (PagePrivate(page) && !TestSetPageLocked(page)) {
                        if (PagePrivate(page))
                                try_to_release_page(page, 0);
                        unlock_page(page);
                }
        }
}

/**
 * pagevec_lookup - gang pagecache lookup
 * @pvec:       Where the resulting pages are placed
 * @mapping:    The address_space to search
 * @start:      The starting page index
 * @nr_pages:   The maximum number of pages
 *
 * pagevec_lookup() will search for and return a group of up to @nr_pages pages
 * in the mapping.  The pages are placed in @pvec.  pagevec_lookup() takes a
 * reference against the pages in @pvec.
 *
 * The search returns a group of mapping-contiguous pages with ascending
 * indexes.  There may be holes in the indices due to not-present pages.
 *
 * pagevec_lookup() returns the number of pages which were found.
 */
unsigned pagevec_lookup(struct pagevec *pvec, struct address_space *mapping,
                pgoff_t start, unsigned nr_pages)
{
        pvec->nr = find_get_pages(mapping, start, nr_pages, pvec->pages);
        return pagevec_count(pvec);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(pagevec_lookup);

unsigned pagevec_lookup_tag(struct pagevec *pvec, struct address_space *mapping,
                pgoff_t *index, int tag, unsigned nr_pages)
{
        pvec->nr = find_get_pages_tag(mapping, index, tag,
                                        nr_pages, pvec->pages);
        return pagevec_count(pvec);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(pagevec_lookup_tag);

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
 * We tolerate a little inaccuracy to avoid ping-ponging the counter between
 * CPUs
 */
#define ACCT_THRESHOLD  max(16, NR_CPUS * 2)

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long, committed_space) = 0;

void vm_acct_memory(long pages)
{
        long *local;

        preempt_disable();
        local = &__get_cpu_var(committed_space);
        *local += pages;
        if (*local > ACCT_THRESHOLD || *local < -ACCT_THRESHOLD) {
                atomic_add(*local, &vm_committed_space);
                *local = 0;
        }
        preempt_enable();
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU

/* Drop the CPU's cached committed space back into the central pool. */
static int cpu_swap_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
                             unsigned long action,
                             void *hcpu)
{
        long *committed;

        committed = &per_cpu(committed_space, (long)hcpu);
        if (action == CPU_DEAD || action == CPU_DEAD_FROZEN) {
                atomic_add(*committed, &vm_committed_space);
                *committed = 0;
                drain_cpu_pagevecs((long)hcpu);
        }
        return NOTIFY_OK;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */

/*
 * Perform any setup for the swap system
 */
void __init swap_setup(void)
{
        unsigned long megs = num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT);

#ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
        bdi_init(swapper_space.backing_dev_info);
#endif

        /* Use a smaller cluster for small-memory machines */
        if (megs < 16)
                page_cluster = 2;
        else
                page_cluster = 3;
        /*
         * Right now other parts of the system means that we
         * _really_ don't want to cluster much more
         */
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
        hotcpu_notifier(cpu_swap_callback, 0);
#endif
}